Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the adult population in western China and the association with socioeconomic and individual factors: four cross-sectional studies

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study explored the prevalence of and individual influencing factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) as well as associated socioeconomic factors and regional aggregation.DesignFour cross-sectional surveys were analysed for trends in MS and associations with socioeconomic and individual factors through multilevel logistic regression analyses. The risk associated with nutrient intake was also assessed through a dietary survey in 2015.SettingFrom 2010 to 2018, 8–15 counties/districts of West China were included.ParticipantsA total of 28 274 adults were included in the prevalence analysis. A total of 23 708 adults were used to analyse the related factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MS ranged from 21.4% to 27.8% over the 8 years, remaining basically stable within the 95% CI. Our study found that the urbanisation rate and hospital beds per 1000 people were positively associated with MS, and the number of doctors in healthcare institutions per 1000 persons was negatively associated with MS. The ORs for females, people with college education and higher and unmarried or single people were 1.49, 0.67 and 0.51, respectively (p<0.05). The ORs of people who smoked at least 20 cigarettes/day, ate more than 100 g of red meat/day, consumed fruit or vegetable juice and drank carbonated soft drinks less than weekly were 1.10, 1.16, 1.19–1.27 and 0.81–0.84, respectively. The ORs rose with increasing sedentary time and decreased with higher physical activity.ConclusionThe high burden of MS, unreasonable proportions of energy and micronutrient intake and low percentage of high levels of physical activity were the major challenges to public health in western China. Improving the human resources component of medical services, such as the number of doctors, increasing the availability of public sports facilities and E-health tools and improving individual dietary quality and education might help prevent MS.

Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome: Clinical and epidemiological impact on liver disease

“…Recently, cross-sectional surveys in West China from 2010-2018 showed that the overall prevalence of MetS ranged between 21.4-27.8%. 22 The MetS prevalence in Sichuan Province (27.8% in 2010, 27.4% in 2018, among individuals aged ≥18 years) was lower than those reported in previous studies from China (33.9% in 2010). 23 However, the 2010 estimate might have been an overestimate, because a lower waist circumference threshold (80 cm) was used for women.…”

Temporal Interactions between Maintenance of Cerebral Cortex Thickness and Physical Activity from an Individual Person Micro-Longitudinal Perspective and Implications for Precision Medicine

“…Similarly, group-level work indicates that physical activity has associations with multiple factors, including, e.g., diet [78], gut microbiome [79], emotion regulation [80], fitness [81], weather [82], and metabolic [83] factors. Adding to group-level findings, studies using micro-longitudinal tracking and within-individual analyses have shown physical activity's associations with, e.g., sleep [84][85][86][87] and stress [88].…”

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China

“…The prevalence of MS was 32.8%, 33.7% in males and 32.1% in females, and increased with age significantly (P < 0.001). [133] Influencing Factors of MS Life style The MS risk of groups with medium and low levels of physical activity was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.15-1.34) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.24-1.46) times that of the group with a high level of physical activity. The groups with sedentary time outside of work of 1.2-2.0 h, 2.0-3.1 h and more than 3.1 h had a greater risk of MS than the group with less than 1.2 h. In particular, the risk in the upper quartile group was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08-1.31) times that in the lower quartile group.…”