Prevalence of mental health symptoms and its effect on insomnia among healthcare workers who attended hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in Dhaka city

Ali, Mohammad; Uddin, Zakir; Ahsan, Nawara Faiza; Haque, Muhammad Zahirul; Bairagee, Monisha; Khan, Sabbir Ahmed; Hossain, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06985

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…In respect to gender-based insomnia suffering, female participants are reported at higher risk in this study, which is similar to the prior Bangladeshi studies conducted in the periods of normal [ 29 , 30 ] or pandemic [ 15 , 17 – 19 ]. Generally, females are highly prone to mental health suffering, a finding that is also consistent with the pandemic-related Bangladeshi studies [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In addition, insomnia is associated with a higher level of physical health conditions as per this study findings and reported elsewhere [ 18 ]. Similarly, people with mental health problems like depression, anxiety, suicidality etc., are found as insomniac herein; but none of the prior studies examined the role of suicidality in insomnia [ 14 , 15 , 17 ]. However, the role of these mental health problems in predicting insomnia explanatory power is reported as 12.9%, where other variables (socio-demographics, behavior- and health-related variables, and COVID-19 fear and risk) combinedly explained a total of 18.3% variance of insomnia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insomnia in Bangladeshi Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Behavioral Factors, COVID-19 Risk and Fear, and Mental Health Issues

et al. 2021

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Background Given the importance of sleep, several studies were conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh, but no study was conducted during the second wave. Thus, this study assessed the prevalence rate, associated factors, and predictive models of insomnia during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online-based cross-sectional survey was conducted during the second wave of the pandemic (within April 1–13, 2021) and collected information on sociodemographic, behavior and health, COVID-19 risk, fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, suicidality, and insomnia. A total of 756 data from Bangladeshi young adults (22.24 ± 4.39 years) were finally analyzed. Results About 13% of the participants ( n = 98 out of a total of 756) had the symptoms of insomnia. Insomnia had a significant gender difference, where females were more prone to be insomniac. Besides, middle class, urban residence, smoking status, not engaging in physical exercise, poor health status, and multi-comorbidities were also profoundly associated with insomnia. In addition, fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 risk, and mental health problems (i.e., depression, anxiety, and suicidality) showed a significant relationship in terms of insomnia. A total of 31.2% variance predicting insomnia was identified considering all of the studied variables. Conclusions The prevalence of insomnia reported herein seems relatively lower than the prior studies, but this figure is not neglectable. Thus, the identified associated factors are highly suggested to consider in policy actions with a special focus on mental health problems to elevate the risk of sleep problems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insomnia in Bangladeshi Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Behavioral Factors, COVID-19 Risk and Fear, and Mental Health Issues

et al. 2021

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“…Most doctors are located in Dhaka and major cities ( 58 ). HCWs working in COVID-19 and non-COVID settings face a high workload, constant exposure, infection risk, ethical decisions about rationing resources among patients, and safety concerns for family members ( 49 , 53 ). As a result, the concerned authority should pay particular attention and care to vaccinated HCWs from urban areas during this or future pandemics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Psychological Outcomes Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Health Care Workers Against COVID-19 Infection in Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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BackgroundVaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) is recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the risk of infection for themselves and their patients, as well as to encourage their patients to get immunized. The present study aimed to investigate the psychological outcomes and associated factors among vaccinated and unvaccinated HCWs against COVID-19 infection in Bangladesh.MethodsFrom March to August 2021, an online nationwide survey was conducted with a total of 2,038 Bangladeshi HCWs. The frequency of symptoms of general health problems, depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, and loneliness was assessed using the Bangla versions of the GHQ-12, PHQ-2, GAD-2, PSS-4, PC-PTSD-5, ISI, and UCLA-LS scales, respectively.ResultsCompared with unvaccinated HCWs (n = 1,058), vaccinated HCWs (n = 980) had a statistically significant lower prevalence of general health problems (16.7 vs. 59.1%), depression (15.6 vs. 31.9%), post-traumatic stress disorder (22.3 vs. 30.8%), insomnia (23.8 vs. 64.9%), and loneliness symptoms (13.9 vs. 21.8%). Among vaccinated HCWs, females were significantly associated with a higher risk of symptoms of general health problems (AOR, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.97–7.60), anxiety (AOR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.14–4.13), and loneliness (AOR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.11–5.73). Except for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, participants living in urban areas had a significantly lower risk of all psychological outcomes (e.g., depression: AOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27–0.67; stress: AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47–0.88). Respondents who were married were significantly less likely to experience symptoms of general health problems (AOR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02–0.39), depression (AOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.22–0.82), insomnia (AOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20–1.03), and loneliness (AOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10-0.92). Participants who worked as doctors were significantly less chance of experiencing symptoms of general health problems (AOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08–0.37), depression (AOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30–0.87), and anxiety (AOR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37–0.78). On the other hand, unvaccinated HCWs who were 18–29 years old and had <5 years of work experience were significantly associated with a higher risk of all psychological outcomes except anxiety and insomnia symptoms (e.g., depression among 18–29 years old: AOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.27–2.60; stress among those with <5 years of work experience: AOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 0.93–6.07). Participants who worked as nurses were significantly more likely to suffer from depression (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.84–2.46), anxiety (AOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.24–1.73), and stress (AOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.31–0.89) symptoms. Except for anxiety and stress symptoms, respondents who worked as frontline workers and provided direct care to infected patients were the significantly higher chance of experiencing all psychological outcomes (e.g., depression among who worked as frontline workers: AOR, 2.41; 95% CI, 0.23–3.73; insomnia among those who provide direct care to infected patients: AOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 0.34–3.06). Participants who were infected with COVID-19 had a significantly less chance of experiencing symptoms of general health problems (AOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.65–1.22), depression (AOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48–0.92), and anxiety (AOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46–0.87).ConclusionsTo control the infection and improve psychological outcomes, this study suggests emphasizing the vaccinated to unvaccinated HCWs as soon as possible. They also required special attention, health-related education, and psychological support.

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“…Individual economic loss, economic hardship, or economic threat was significantly associated with mental health ( Ali et al, 2021 ). The pandemic has led to increased risks of depression, anxiety, stress, despair ( Pettinicchio et al, 2021 ), insomnia ( Hossain and Ali, 2021 ), and other common mental health problems. The negative relationship between economic distress and mental health may be a cumulative process.…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Economic Impact, Mental Health, and Coping Behaviors: A Conceptual Framework and Future Research Directions

Lin

2021

Front. Psychol.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious economic and social consequences. Recent research shows that the pandemic has not only caused a physical health crisis but also caused many psychological and mental crises. Based on the contemporary cognitive-behavioral models, this article offers a conceptual analysis of how the pandemic affects individual mental health and coping behaviors from the perspective of individual economic status, individual context, and social context. The analysis shows that (1) the pandemic has led to increased economic uncertainty, increased unemployment and underemployment pressure, increased income uncertainty, and different degrees of employment pressure and economic difficulties; (2) these difficulties have stimulated different levels of mental health problems, ranging from perceived insecurity (environmental, food safety, etc.), worry, fear, to stress, anxiety, depression, etc., and the mental health deterioration varies across different groups, with the symptoms of psychological distress are more obvious among disadvantageous groups; and (3) mental health problems have caused behavior changes, and various stress behaviors such as protective behaviors and resistive behaviors. Future research directions are suggested.

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Prevalence of mental health symptoms and its effect on insomnia among healthcare workers who attended hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in Dhaka city

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Insomnia in Bangladeshi Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Behavioral Factors, COVID-19 Risk and Fear, and Mental Health Issues

Insomnia in Bangladeshi Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Behavioral Factors, COVID-19 Risk and Fear, and Mental Health Issues

Factors Associated With Psychological Outcomes Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Health Care Workers Against COVID-19 Infection in Bangladesh

COVID-19, Economic Impact, Mental Health, and Coping Behaviors: A Conceptual Framework and Future Research Directions

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