Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Study of conjunctival impression cytology in assessing goblet cell density in dry eyes

“…Dry eye is more common with increasing age because of the decreased tear production due to depletion of hormones and dysfunction of Meibomian glands. 8,9 There will be a decrease in reflex secretion of tears with age, particularly after 40 years of age. 10 Ageing can also be associated with decreased tear volume and flow, increased osmolality decreased tear film stability and alteration in the composition of tear film lipids.…”

Minimising the risk of iatrogenic intraocular damage

“…Similar adverse events have been reported previously. 2 The most important measure that can preclude such unfortunate occurrences is to handle all syringes bimanually while undertaking any intraocular manoeuvres. One hand controls the barrel and the plunger, and the other hand firmly grasps the hub of the cannula or needle at its attachment to the syringe.…”

“…2 It is easy to guess therefore that it is one of the major causes of dry eye syndrome. It is therefore quite a useful study, and I would like to convey my appreciation to all the authors.…”

“…4 The normal lipid layer thickness is stated to be ideally more than 120 nm, however, will a thickness of less than 60 nm alone with normal FBUT and STA be sufficient for a diagnosis of dry eye. 2 Tandem scanning confocal microscopy is another modality for the assessment of the tear film and is thought to be more accurate than the method used by the authors. It would be nice to know the authors' opinion on this.…”

Volumetric Reconstruction of the Mouse Meibomian Gland Using High‐Resolution Nonlinear Optical Imaging

“…A number of changes occur in the human MG with age that are thought to account for the increased frequency of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in older populations (Hom et al, 1990;Mathers et al, 1991;Mathers and Lane, 1998) including MG "dropout," orifice plugging, cystic dilation of the duct, and atrophy of the MG acini (Gutgesell et al, 1982;Robin et al, 1985;Hykin and Bron, 1992;Mathers, 1993;Obata et al, 1994;Obata, 2002). These structural changes are thought to lead to altered or reduced tear outflow leading to disruption of the tear film, increased tear evaporation, and increased tear osmolarity that cause ocular discomfort, eye irritation, and chronic blepharitis.…”