Prevalence of mastitis in Nigerian livestock: a Review

Hussaini, Adamu; Hussaini, Rahimat Oshuwa; Obasuyi, Cedric; Anagha, L.I.; Okoduwa, Gabriel Oscy

doi:10.1515/ovs-2020-0101

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Figure 2: Boxplot showing the levels of somatic cell counts in samples by number of different bacteria species isolated from them renewed call for the use of SCC determination in mastitis monitoring (Adamu et al, 2020) that has been reported by only a few workers in Nigeria (Ahaotu et al, 2013;Olatoye et al, 2018). Apart from indicating mastitis presence and direct production losses, High SCC has been associated with milk of low quality that deteriorates easily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic cell counts and bacteria in milk from two nomadic herds in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Thomas¹,

Alarape²,

Oliwo³

et al. 2021

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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Mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, is a major endemic disease affecting dairy production worldwide. Costs of treatment and control of mastitis contributes to major losses to the dairy industry especially if the condition is not promptly and accurately diagnosed, thus necessitating the engagement of regular and reliable means of recognising intra-mammary infections. Somatic cell counting, which has been recognized as a major standard for mastitis diagnosis in milk, was utilized in this study as a direct measure of intramammary inflammation (IMI), along with bacterial culture and isolation to establish the presence of mammary infections in cows from two nomadic herds. Milk from all four quarters (composite samples) of each of 100 cows at various stages of lactation, were obtained and subjected to Levowitz-Weber staining of duplicate smears and direct microscopic counting of somatic cells. Culture and isolation of sterile milk swabs and subsequent identification by morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests were employed to assess the presence of mastitis-causing pathogens in the samples. Using ≤100,000 cells/ml as cut off for non-mastitic milk, sub-clinical mastitis (SM), was determined in 70 (70%) of the examined samples. Contagious pathogens, namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus species and others as well as environmental bacteria, E. coli and Enterococcus species amongst others, were isolated from the samples. This result circuitously indicates the level of losses to dairy production through poor milk quality and yield, costs of treatment and culling obtainable in the nomadic dairying venture. The need for routine evaluation of raw milk and other dairy products emanating from the itinerant pastoralists, using sensitive and reliable parameters to facilitate prompt diagnosis, targeted treatment and rapid control of cow to cow or herd to herd spread of IMI is highlighted in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic cell counts and bacteria in milk from two nomadic herds in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Thomas¹,

Alarape²,

Oliwo³

et al. 2021

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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“…Predisposing factors such as poor management, hygiene, teat injuries and faulty milking machines are known to play significant roles in the entry of the infectious agents and the course of the disease (Zenebe et al, 2014). In Nigeria, management and diseases particularly mastitis, constitute major constraints to effective dairy husbandry system (Shittu et al, 2008;Adamu et al, 2020). The economic impact of mastitis has been widely encountered by most livestock farmers; however, determining the actual cost is very challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The economic impact of mastitis has been widely encountered by most livestock farmers; however, determining the actual cost is very challenging. The economic loss due to mastitis at herd level can be classified into four main sources attributable to loss due to depreciation in the milk quality, reduced milk production especially in chronic sub-clinical infection, loss due to discarded milk, cost of veterinary services, and treatment, as well as losses incurred due to increase replacement rate or culling of cows during their productive years (Adamu et al, 2020). The primary aim of herd health programme is to minimize economic loss due to disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a prototype milk screening reagent for the detection of bovine subclinical mastitis using common detergents and Hibiscus sabdariffa petals

2022

JoSVAS

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Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland of female animals which can either be clinical or subclinical. Subclinical mastitis is that which cannot be diagnosed by physical assessment of the udder, however, it continues to reduce the quality and quantity of the milk leading to economic losses. Diagnosis and treatment of subclinical mastitis is therefore of paramount importance to the farmer, however, the commercially available California Mastitis Test (CMT) reagent commonly used to detect subclinical mastitis is expensive and not readily accessible especially in the rural agrarian communities. This work was conducted to develop a test reagent from locally and readily available materials that can be used by rural farmers in the detection of subclinical mastitis. Different concentrations (1.5%, 3% and 6%) of different household detergents dissolved in water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (zobo) have been explored for their suitability to detect somatic cells in cow milk. The reagents were mixed with mastitic and nonmstatitic milk while the test conducted with CMT served as control to which the results from formulated reagents were compared for sensitivity. It was found that a 3% detergent concentration in zobo can be used to obtain gel formation and a colour change from red to dark green corresponding to somatic cell counts and pH respectively, much like the CMT reagent. The test conducted revealed 53.57%, 46.42%, 42.85% and 42.85% of cows’ fore-quarter milk samples were positive to CMT, detergents A, B and C respectively. The combination of household detergent and water extract of Zobo can therefore be an alternative to CMT reagent in the detection of subclinical mastitis, especially in the rural areas. This indicates the potential of using these test reagents for subclinical mastitis screening. Further studies are suggested to standardize and patent this reagent as an alternative for subclinical mastitis diagnostic test.

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“…In Nigeria, several studies have reported the isolation of different bacteria from mastitis in ruminants with varying prevalence. However, most of these studies relied on the classical methods for the identification of the bacterial causes of mastitis [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Phylodiversity of ESBL-Producing Coliforms Isolated from Ruminant Mastitis in Nigeria

Anueyiagu¹,

Agusi

Audu

et al. 2022

Folia Veterinaria

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The public health threat posed by Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL-EC) in food animal production systems has attracted global attention. Data on the prevalence, diversity and genetic characteristics of ESBL-producing coliforms are key to advocacy on promoting responsible antimicrobial stewardship and proper planning of control strategies. The coliforms were isolated from 1052 milk samples of 160 cows, 103 ewes and 103 does with mastitis in Plateau State, Nigeria and analysed for ESBL production by phenotypic, biochemical, antimicrobial sensitivity and genetic characterization. The percentage of occurrence of clinical mastitis in cows, ewes, and does were 0.2 %, 0 %, 1.5 % respectively, while the percentage occur-rence of subclinical mastitis in ruminants were 18.1 %, 28.2 % and 38.3 % respectively. From the 677 isolates, 31.3 % (n = 212) were ESBL producing coliforms, with a prevalence of 48.6 %, 18.4 %, 12.7 %, 8.9 %, 5.7 %, 3.8 % and 1.9 % for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. freundii, K. aerogenes, S. marcescens, K. oxytoca and E. cloacae, respectively. The genetic characterization revealed a higher prevalence of bla CTX-M than bla TEM in the samples analysed (24.39 % vs. 12.19 %). High pairwise identity was observed among the bla CTX-M and bla TEM gene sequences obtained in this study, but they displayed high phylodiversity with sequences from ruminants and humans from other climes. The bla SHV gene was not detected. Multidrug resistances especially to the commonly used antimicrobials; ofloxacin, gentamycin and streptomycin in veterinary practice in Nigeria were observed. This has public health implications considering the fact that consumption of raw unpasteurized milk is a common practice in some cultures in Nigeria. Such practise will facilitate the transfer of multidrug resistant coliforms to humans resulting in the complications of treatment outcomes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first genetic characterization of ESBL-producing agents from ruminant mastitis in Nigeria.

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Prevalence of mastitis in Nigerian livestock: a Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Somatic cell counts and bacteria in milk from two nomadic herds in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Somatic cell counts and bacteria in milk from two nomadic herds in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Development of a prototype milk screening reagent for the detection of bovine subclinical mastitis using common detergents and Hibiscus sabdariffa petals

Prevalence and Phylodiversity of ESBL-Producing Coliforms Isolated from Ruminant Mastitis in Nigeria

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