Prevalence of major depression in deliberate self- harm individuals in Harare, Zimbabwe

Chibanda, Dixon; Sebit, M B; Acuda, S. W.

doi:10.4314/eamj.v79i5.8866

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“… a average rate, range of annual suicide attempts 0.03 to 0.08 per 100,000; b average rate, range of annual suicide attempts 7.4 to 163.0 per 100,000; c sex rates for suicide attempts include one suicide; d Incidence figures do not include those admitted to the intensive care unit.WHO: World Health Organization.WHO mortality stratum D: high child mortality and high adult mortality; WHO mortality stratum E: high child mortality and very high adult mortality.Two countries have additional publications available: South Africa [40], Durban lifetime suicide attempt rate 3.4%; Ethiopia [41,42], Addis Ababa and Butajira lifetime suicide attempt rates 0.9% and 3.2%.Population estimated for Harare, Zimbabwe [46] based on data from the 1992 and 2002 Zimbabwe census. Source: Central Statistical Office [10,11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Population estimated for Harare, Zimbabwe [46] based on data from the 1992 and 2002 Zimbabwe census. Source: Central Statistical Office [10,11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data are available for 11 countries (Table 3), of which five studies report a clear female predominance [38,39,43,45,46], three studies find a clear male predominance [14,17,44] and three studies report similar rates for males and females [19,21,37]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For suicide attempts, age information was reported in eleven publications from seven countries [17,21,37,39,41,42,44-46,49,50]. These studies consistently showed highest rates amongst young adults (aged 15–30 years).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine publications from seven countries reported methods used for suicide attempts [14,21,41,42,44-46,49,50]. The predominant method was poisoning which was reported in 26% [42] to 91% [45,49] of attempts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicidal behaviour across the African continent: a review of the literature

et al. 2014

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BackgroundSuicide is a major cause of premature mortality worldwide, but data on its epidemiology in Africa, the world’s second most populous continent, are limited.MethodsWe systematically reviewed published literature on suicidal behaviour in African countries. We searched PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO, African Index Medicus, Eastern Mediterranean Index Medicus and African Journals OnLine and carried out citation searches of key articles. We crudely estimated the incidence of suicide and suicide attempts in Africa based on country-specific data and compared these with published estimates. We also describe common features of suicide and suicide attempts across the studies, including information related to age, sex, methods used and risk factors.ResultsRegional or national suicide incidence data were available for less than one third (16/53) of African countries containing approximately 60% of Africa’s population; suicide attempt data were available for <20% of countries (7/53). Crude estimates suggest there are over 34,000 (inter-quartile range 13,141 to 63,757) suicides per year in Africa, with an overall incidence rate of 3.2 per 100,000 population. The recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimate of 49,558 deaths is somewhat higher, but falls within the inter-quartile range of our estimate. Suicide rates in men are typically at least three times higher than in women. The most frequently used methods of suicide are hanging and pesticide poisoning. Reported risk factors are similar for suicide and suicide attempts and include interpersonal difficulties, mental and physical health problems, socioeconomic problems and drug and alcohol use/abuse. Qualitative studies are needed to identify additional culturally relevant risk factors and to understand how risk factors may be connected to suicidal behaviour in different socio-cultural contexts.ConclusionsOur estimate is somewhat lower than GBD, but still clearly indicates suicidal behaviour is an important public health problem in Africa. More regional studies, in both urban and rural areas, are needed to more accurately estimate the burden of suicidal behaviour across the continent. Qualitative studies are required in addition to quantitative studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Population estimated for Harare, Zimbabwe [46] based on data from the 1992 and 2002 Zimbabwe census. Source: Central Statistical Office [10,11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicidal behaviour across the African continent: a review of the literature

et al. 2014

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Suicide, Suicidal Ideation and Behaviour among African Youths: A Psycho-Social and Criminological Analysis

Aborisade

2021

Crime, Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System in Africa

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Sociocultural Context of Suicidal Behaviour in the Sundarban Region of India

Chowdhury

Banerjee²,

Brahma³

et al. 2013

Psychiatry Journal

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The role of mental illness in nonfatal deliberate self-harm (DSH) is controversial, especially in Asian countries. This prospective study examined the role of psychiatric disorders, underlying social and situational problems, and triggers of DSH in a sample of 89 patients hospitalised in primary care hospitals of the Sundarban Delta, India. Data were collected by using a specially designed DSH register, Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC), and clinical interview. Psychiatric diagnosis was made following the DSM-IV guidelines. The majority of subjects were young females (74.2%) and married (65.2%). Most of them (69.7%) were uncertain about their “intention to die,” and pesticide poisoning was the commonest method (95.5%). Significant male-female differences were found with respect to education level, occupation, and venue of the DSH attempt. Typical stressors were conflict with spouse, guardians, or in-laws, extramarital affairs, chronic physical illness, and failed love affairs. The major depressive disorder (14.6%) was the commonest psychiatric diagnosis followed by adjustment disorder (6.7%); however 60.7% of the cases had no psychiatric illness. Stressful life situations coupled with easy access to lethal pesticides stood as the risk factor. The sociocultural dynamics behind suicidal behaviour and community-specific social stressors merit detailed assessment and timely psychosocial intervention. These findings will be helpful to design community-based mental health clinical services and community action in the region.

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Prevalence of major depression in deliberate self- harm individuals in Harare, Zimbabwe

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Suicidal behaviour across the African continent: a review of the literature

Suicidal behaviour across the African continent: a review of the literature

Suicide, Suicidal Ideation and Behaviour among African Youths: A Psycho-Social and Criminological Analysis

Sociocultural Context of Suicidal Behaviour in the Sundarban Region of India

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