Prevalence of Macrolide Resistance Genes among Staphylococci in Cyprus

Petrikkos, George; Evangelopoulos, Angelos; Gourni, Maritsa; Bagatzouni, Despo Pieridou; Syriopoulou, V.; Daikos, George L.

doi:10.1179/joc.2006.18.5.480

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…[65,66]. In a tertiary Greek hospital, the rate of MLS B S. aureus reached to 44%, whereas in Cyprus 67.61% of S. aureus and 59.4% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci were resistant to erythromycin [67,68]. On the other hand, high rate of erythromycin-resistant staphylococci was also observed in veterinary [69].…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 98%

Resistance of Staphylococci to Macrolides-Lincosamides- Streptogramins B (MLSB): Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Resistance

Petinaki¹,

Papagiannitsis²

2019

Staphylococcus Aureus

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A total of 92 genes that confer resistance to MLS antibiotics have been described to date. They can be roughly divided into three groups, depending on the mechanisms by which they confer resistance to one or all of these groups of antibiotics. Three main mechanisms of resistance to MLS antibiotics have been described: methylation of rRNA (target modification), active efflux and inactivation of the antibiotic. Target modification is achieved through the action of the protein product of one of more than 42 different erm (erythromycin rRNA methylase) genes. They confer cross resistance between macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (so-called MLS B resistance) and evoke most concerns. Active efflux and inactivating enzymes (M and L) represent two additional mechanisms of resistance that are targeted only to particular antibiotics or antibiotic classes. Based on the mechanisms of resistance, various resistant phenotypes are expressed. The most prevalent phenotypes are ΜLS B (constitutive or inducible), which is associated with the presence mainly of ermA and ermC genes, followed by the MS B phenotype due to the presence of msrA gene. In livestock S. aureus strains, such as CC 398, other genes such as ermT, lnuA, lsaE and mphC genes are detected.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 98%

Resistance of Staphylococci to Macrolides-Lincosamides- Streptogramins B (MLSB): Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Resistance

Petinaki¹,

Papagiannitsis²

2019

Staphylococcus Aureus

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Prevalence of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin resistance among staphylococci in a tertiary care hospital in Athens, Greece

Evangelopoulos

Hadjisoteriou

Avlami

et al. 2014

Journal of Chemotherapy

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The aims of the present study were to evaluate erythromycin, clindamycin, and streptogramin resistance rates, as well as the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of erythromycin-resistant staphylococci in a Greek University Hospital. Macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B-type resistance was investigated by double disk diffusion and the D-zone testing, while Minimal inhibitory concentration determination was performed among 656 erythromycin-resistant staphylococcal clinical consecutive isolates, too. The presence of the major genetic determinants ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall erythromycin resistance rate was 49·70%. One hundred and forty-six of the 322 Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (45·34%), whereas 176 were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (54·66%). The macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B-type antibiotics (MLSB)-constitutive phenotype was detected in 126 S. aureus strains (88·7%), whereas the inducible MLSB resistance phenotype was demonstrated in 16 S. aureus (11·3%). The MS phenotype was not detected. ErmC was the most frequently encountered gene responsible for macrolide resistance among S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci in this hospital. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of SmaI DNA fragments revealed the presence of a single predominant clone among erythromycin-resistant S. aureus. The predominance of constitutive erythromycin resistance is a serious problem and limits the use of clindamycin for severe staphylococcal infections not only in this university hospital, but in many countries worldwide.

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Analysis of Resistance to Macrolide–Lincosamide–Streptogramin B Among mecA-Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates

Khodabandeh¹,

Mohammadi²,

Abdolsalehi³

et al. 2019

Osong Public Health Res Perspect

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Objectives Genetic determinants conferring resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLS B ) via ribosomal modification such as, erm , msrA/B and ereA/B genes are distributed in bacteria. The main goals of this work were to evaluate the dissemination of MLS B resistance phenotypes and genotypes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates collected from clinical samples. Methods A total of 106 MRSA isolates were studied. Isolates were recovered from 3 hospitals in Tehran between May 2016 to July 2017. The prevalence of MLS B -resistant strains were determined by D-test, and then M-PCR was performed to identify genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins in the tested isolates. Results The frequency of constitutive resistance MLS B , inducible resistance MLS B and MS B resistance were 56.2%, 22.9%, and 16.6%, respectively. Of 11 isolates with the inducible resistance MLS B phenotype, ermC , ermB , ermA and ereA were positive in 81.8%, 63.6%, 54.5% and 18.2% of these isolates, respectively. In isolates with the constitutive resistance MLS B phenotype, the prevalence of ermA , ermB , ermC , msrA , msrB , ereA and ereB were 25.9%, 18.5%, 44.4%, 0.0%, 0.0%, 11.1% and 0.0%, respectively. Conclusion Clindamycin is commonly administered in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility findings. This study showed that the D-test should be used as an obligatory method in routine disk diffusion assay to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in MRSA so that effective antibiotic treatment can be provided.

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Prevalence of Macrolide Resistance Genes among Staphylococci in Cyprus

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Resistance of Staphylococci to Macrolides-Lincosamides- Streptogramins B (MLSB): Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Resistance

Resistance of Staphylococci to Macrolides-Lincosamides- Streptogramins B (MLSB): Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Resistance

Prevalence of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin resistance among staphylococci in a tertiary care hospital in Athens, Greece

Analysis of Resistance to Macrolide–Lincosamide–Streptogramin B Among mecA-Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates

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