Prevalence of long COVID decreases for increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake

Domenico, Manlio De

doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0001917

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…A potential explanation could be the protective effect of the COVID-19 vaccine against post-acute sequelae. A population-based analysis estimated that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could decrease the prevalence of long COVID among U.S. adults by 20.9% (95% CI, -32.0%, -9.9%) and, from the analysis of 158 countries, by -15.7% (95% CI, -18.0%, -13.4%) among all who had COVID-19 [ 33 ]. Similarly, a meta-analysis reported that at least one vaccine dose was associated with a protective effect against long COVID (odds ratio, 0.539, 95% CI, 0.295–0.987) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of post-acute sequelae following hospitalization for COVID-19 and influenza

Liu,

Huang,

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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Background Few studies have directly compared the risk and magnitude of post-acute sequelae following COVID-19 and influenza, and most of these studies were conducted before emergence of the Omicron. This study investigated the prevalence of post-COVID conditions and the long-term risk of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in patients with COVID-19 and compared their risk with that of patients with influenza. Methods A retrospective study based on the TriNetX databases, a global health research network. We identified patients with COVID-19 and influenza who required hospitalization between January 1, 2022, and January 1, 2023. We compared the risk of developing any post-COVID conditions between the two groups and also analyzed each post-COVID-19 condition and all-cause ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in both populations during the follow-up 90–180 days. Results Before matching, 7,187 patients with COVID-19 were older (63.9 ± 16.7 vs. 55.4 ± 21.2) and were predominantly male (54.0% vs. 45.4%), and overweight/obese (16.1% vs. 11.2%) than 11,266 individuals with influenza. After propensity score matching, 6,614 patients were identified in each group, resulting in well-balanced baseline characteristics. During follow-up, the COVID-19 group had a higher incidence of any post-COVID-19 condition when compared with the influenza group (17.9% vs. 13.0%), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.398 (95% CI, 1.251–1.562). Compared to the influenza group, the COVID-19 group had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal breathing (HR, 1.506; 95% CI, 1.246–1.822), abdominal symptoms (HR, 1.313; HR, 1.034–1.664), fatigue (HR, 1.486; 95% CI, 1.158–1.907), and cognitive symptoms (HR, 1.815; 95% CI, 1.235–2.668). Moreover, the COVID-19 group had a significantly higher risk of the composite outcomes during all-cause ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths when compared with the influenza group (27.5% vs. 21.7; HR, 1.303; 95% CI, 1.194–1.422). Conclusions This study indicates that hospitalized COVID-19 patients are at a higher risk of long-term complications when compared with influenza survivors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of post-acute sequelae following hospitalization for COVID-19 and influenza

Liu,

Huang,

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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“…After an initial decline among adults in the USA from June 2022 to June 2023, no changes over time were found in the prevalence of long COVID or in the percentage of persons who were experiencing significant activity limitations [91]. The syndrome usually affects women [92], the unvaccinated [93], and those with comorbidities [92,94]. Anosmia is common in patients with PASC, with approximately 10-18% of patients experiencing prolonged, and in some cases permanent, anosmia [95,96].…”

Section: Viral Factors Contributing To Covid-19-related Loss Of Smellmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Basis of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 and Long COVID

Anastassopoulou,

Davaris,

Ferous

et al. 2024

Lifestyle Genomics

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Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is not uncommon following viral infection. Herein, we explore the interplay of host genetics with viral correlates in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)- and long COVID-related OD, and its diagnosis and treatment that remain challenging. Two genes associated with olfaction, UGT2A1 and UGT2A2, appear to be involved in COVID-19-related anosmia, a hallmark symptom of acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), particularly in the early stages of the pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infects olfactory support cells, sustentacular and Bowman gland cells, that surround olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) where the initial step of odor detection takes place. Anosmia primarily arises from the infection of support cells of the OE, followed by the deciliation and disruption of OE integrity, typically without OSN infection. Through the projected axons of OSNs, the virus could theoretically reach the olfactory bulb and brain, but current evidence points against this route. Intriguingly, SARS-CoV-2 infection of support cells leads to profound alterations in the nuclear architecture of OSNs, leading to the downregulation of odorant receptor-related genes, e.g., of Adcy3. Viral factors associated with the development of OD include spike protein aminoacidic changes, e.g., D614G, the first substitution that was selected early during SARS-CoV-2 evolution. More recent variants of the Omicron family are less likely to cause OD compared to Delta or Alpha, although OD has been associated with a milder disease course. OD is one of the most prevalent post-acute neurologic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The tens of millions of people worldwide who have lingering problems with OD wait eagerly for effective new treatments that will restore their sense of smell which adds value to their quality of life.

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“…The estimated prevalence ranges from 10% to 30% in non-hospitalised cases, 50% to 70% in hospitalised cases, and 10% to 12% in vaccinated populations 16 , 18 . A population-based study showed a 20.9% reduction in the prevalence of long COVID with COVID-19 vaccination among adults who had COVID-19 in the United States, and 15.7% in a group of 158 countries 19 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Fatigue, dyspnea, arthralgia, memory loss, hair loss, and anxiety were the most common clinical events. The finding that less than half of the individuals studied had completed the vaccination schedule prior to hospitalization 23 needs be highlighted because of its importance for the prevention of long COVID, even at longer follow-up periods such as 24 months 10 , 19 , 21 .…”

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confidence: 99%