Prevalence of left iliac vein compression in an asymptomatic population and patients with left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: A multicenter cross-sectional study in southern China

Abstract

Objective Population-based epidemiological data on left common iliac vein (LCIV) compression is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of LCIV compression in an asymptomatic population and patients with left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IF-DVT). Materials and Methods Nonprobability sampling method was used in this multicenter cross-sectional study. The minimum diameter of LCIV and right common iliac vein minimum were measured. The percentage of LCIV compression (LCIV-CP) was calculated. Compression severity (CS) was classified as mild (CP ≤ 50%), moderate (50% < CP ≤ 70%), and severe (CP > 70%). Results In all, 896 subjects constituted the asymptomatic population and 93 patients constituted the IF-DVT population. In the asymptomatic population, LCIV-CP ranged from 1.1% to 89.9% (mean 44.0%), and people with mild, moderate, and severe CS accounted for 62.3%, 28.2%, and 9.5%, respectively. In the IF-DVT population, the mean LCIV-CP was 71.1% (range 42.2%–95.2%), and patients with severe CS accounted for 75.3%. Gender and age differences in LCIV-CP and CS distribution were observed in the asymptomatic population. Females, the young- and middle-aged group had higher LCIV-CPs. In the population with moderate-severe CS, the middle-aged group accounted for a larger proportion. Middle-aged females comprised the highest percentage of patients with moderate or severe CS. Sex and age affected the LCIV-CP and CS distribution. No gender and age differences were observed in the IF-DVT population. Conclusions LCIV compression is common in population. Middle-aged females are the predominant population with moderate-severe compression. Overlapping of LCIV-CP in the asymptomatic and IF-DVT population is significant and other risk factors should be integrated into the consideration when assessing the risk of IF-DVT secondary to LCIV compression.

The association between iliac vein compression degree and characteristics of first diagnosed left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis

“…10.3389/fcvm.2022.1073586 of left iliofemoral DVT patients had severe CIV compression (compression percentage > 70%) (12). In the present study, 70.9% (73/104) of patients with iliofemoral DVT had significant CIV compression, and iliofemoral DVT was more often found in patients with significant CIV compression (63.5 vs. 38.3%, p < 0.001).…”

“…In another study including 112 DVT patients, Jin et al ( 13 ) reported that patients with May-Thurner syndrome are more prone to have iliofemoral DVT than those without May-Thurner syndrome (38.0 vs. 6.1%, p < 0.001). Moreover, previous studies reported that venous spurs were presented in one-half to two-thirds of left iliofemoral DVTs ( 6 ), and more than three-fourths of left iliofemoral DVT patients had severe CIV compression (compression percentage > 70%) ( 12 ). In the present study, 70.9% (73/104) of patients with iliofemoral DVT had significant CIV compression, and iliofemoral DVT was more often found in patients with significant CIV compression (63.5 vs. 38.3%, p < 0.001).…”

“…However, studies regarding the relationship between CIV compression degree and DVT characteristics are rare. The previous data suggested that more than 50% of left iliofemoral DVT patients had significant left CIV compression ( 11 , 12 ). Moreover, patients with significant CIV compression were more prone to iliofemoral DVT ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Risk factors for stent occlusion after catheter-directed thrombolysis and iliac vein stenting in the treatment of May-Thurner syndrome with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: a retrospective cohort study

“…MTS is a major cause of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and chronic venous insufficiency ( 2 , 3 ). In clinical practice, the extent of iliac vein compression has been inconsistent with symptomatic lower-extremity venous disorder ( 4 , 5 ). According to a recent study, hemodynamics such as collateral vessels and decreased flow rate as well as iliac vein stenosis were significantly associated with lower limb symptom severity ( 6 ).…”