Prevalence of kidney stones in mainland China: A systematic review

Abstract

The data on the prevalence of kidney stones in mainland China are still lacking. We performed the present meta-analysis to assess the stone prevalence in mainland China from 1990 through 2016. A total of 18 articles were included. The pooled overall prevalence was 7.54% (95% CI, 5.94–9.15). The prevalence in age groups of <20 years, 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years, and 60 years and older was 0.27%, 3.15%, 5.96%, 8.18%, 9.14%, and 9.68%, respectively, showing that it increased with age. Moreover, the prevalence was 10.34% in males and 6.62% in females, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.63 [95% CI: 1.51–1.76], indicating that males are more likely to suffer from this disease than females. However, urban areas (6.03%, 95% CI: 3.39–8.68) and rural areas (7.48%, 95% CI: 3.39–11.57) did not differ in the stone prevalence rate (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.42–1.68). The prevalence in the year groups of 1991–2000, 2001–2010, and 2011 to date was 5.95%, 8.86%, and 10.63%, respectively, which indicated an increasing trend. Further high-quality surveys throughout mainland China are needed to confirm these findings.

Significant association between RGS14 rs12654812 and nephrolithiasis risk among Guangxi population in China

“…For cases, the nephrolithiasis was confirmed by various auxiliary examinations (KUB + IVP + CT + B ultrasound). The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) without the essential information; and (2) currently with coronary heart disease, repeated diarrhea, thyroid disease, and dysuresia caused by the non-stone factors. (3) So far, taking medicines that could influence lithogenesis such as glucocorticoids, calcium agent, and magnesia agent.…”

“…Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide health problem that affects almost all populations. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of nephrolithiasis in Chinese adults is 6.5%, while the prevalence in Guangxi province in southern China is 7.82%‐12.03% . Nephrolithiasis is affected by multiple risk factors, including environment, lifestyle, hormones, anatomical factors, and genetic factors.…”

Updates in endourological management of urolithiasis

“…Urinary stone disease, or urolithiasis, is a very common disease in the urology field. The prevalence of urolithiasis had increased from 3.2% in 1976–1980 to 8.8% in 2007–2010 in the USA, similar trends were also found in different regions of the world . The increasing trends in the prevalence and incidence are believed to be due to the change in lifestyle and diet, and more sensitive imaging .…”

“…Regarding percutaneous nephrolithotomy and tract creation by puncture, there are several methods that have been introduced: through fluoroscopy in approximately 60-80%, and ultrasound in approximately 15-17%. [1][2][3] In fact, considering the high rate of complications such as hydrothorax, 4 the methods and approaches, for instance supracostal puncture or subcostal puncture, still has necessary debating for safe surgery. This is because the surgery of a benign disease comparatively may need to consider to have lower complication rates.…”

“…The prevalence of urolithiasis had increased from 3.2% in 1976-1980 to 8.8% in 2007-2010 in the USA, 1 similar trends were also found in different regions of the world. 2,3 The increasing trends in the prevalence and incidence are believed to be due to the change in lifestyle and diet, and more sensitive imaging. 2 Although urolithiasis is a benign disease, because of the increasing prevalence and incidence, it also causes an increase in burden on the healthcare costs, 1,2 including: (i) direct costs from stone removal, metabolic evaluation and medical management; (ii) indirect costs from administration, maintenance and productivity loss; and (iii) re-treatment cost.…”