Prevalence of Kidney Stones in the United States

Abstract

Background The last nationally representative assessment of kidney stone prevalence in the United States occurred in 1994. After a 13-yr hiatus, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) reinitiated data collection regarding kidney stone history. Objective Describe the current prevalence of stone disease in the United States, and identify factors associated with a history of kidney stones. Design, setting, and participants A cross-sectional analysis of responses to the 2007–2010 NHANES (n = 12 110). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Self-reported history of kidney stones. Percent prevalence was calculated and multivariable models were used to identify factors associated with a history of kidney stones. Results and limitations The prevalence of kidney stones was 8.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1–9.5). Among men, the prevalence of stones was 10.6% (95% CI, 9.4–11.9), compared with 7.1% (95% CI, 6.4–7.8) among women. Kidney stones were more common among obese than normal-weight individuals (11.2% [95% CI, 10.0–12.3] compared with 6.1% [95% CI, 4.8–7.4], respectively; p < 0.001). Black, non-Hispanic and Hispanic individuals were less likely to report a history of stone disease than were white, non-Hispanic individuals (black, non-Hispanic: odds ratio [OR]: 0.37 [95% CI, 0.28–0.49], p < 0.001; Hispanic: OR: 0.60 [95% CI, 0.49–0.73], p < 0.001). Obesity and diabetes were strongly associated with a history of kidney stones in multivariable models. The cross-sectional survey design limits causal inference regarding potential risk factors for kidney stones. Conclusions Kidney stones affect approximately 1 in 11 people in the United States. These data represent a marked increase in stone disease compared with the NHANES III cohort, particularly in black, non-Hispanic and Hispanic individuals. Diet and lifestyle factors likely play an important role in the changing epidemiology of kidney stones.

Prevalence of kidney stones and associated risk factors in the Shunyi District of Beijing

“…17,18 Specifically, kidney stone affects approximately one in 20 people in Spain and 1 in 25 in China, while the prevalence reaches up to 9.1% in the United States and 16.9% in Northeast Thailand. 3,[19][20][21] In the present study, the prevalence was determined to be 3.61% in the six randomly selected towns of Shunyi District, and is consistent with the findings of the first national survey of kidney stone in China (4.0%). 3 Unfortunately, we collected 3361 subjects without collecting information about how they were distributed in the six towns.…”

GYY4137, a Slow-Releasing Hydrogen Sulfide Donor, Ameliorates Renal Damage Associated with Chronic Obstructive Uropathy

“…Obstructive uropathy affects approximately 10% of Americans 1 . If left untreated, it can lead to inflammation, atrophy, fibrosis, and irreversible renal injury ending in chronic kidney disease 2 , which can significantly burden both patients and the health care system 3 .…”

Heritability of Urinary Traits That Contribute to Nephrolithiasis

“…Kidney stones are common, affecting up to 10% of individuals over their lifetime (1). Human urine is often supersaturated with respect to stone-forming salts, which is a key contributing factor in kidney stone pathogenesis (2).…”