Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic and Bacterial Pathogens in Diarrhoeal and Non-diarroeal Human Stools from Vhembe District, South Africa

Abstract

In the present study, a cross-sectional survey of intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections in relation to diarrhoea in Vhembe district and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolated bacterial pathogens was conducted. Stool samples were collected from 528 patients attending major public hospitals and 295 children attending two public primary schools and were analyzed by standard microbiological and parasitological techniques. Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (34.2%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (25.5%) were the most common parasitic causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Giardia lamblia (12.8%) was the most common cause of diarrhoea among the primary school children (p<0.05). Schistosoma mansoni (14.4%) was more common in non-diarrhoeal samples at both hospitals (16.9%) and schools (17.6%). Campylobacter spp. (24.9%), Aeromonas spp. (20.8%), and Shigella spp. (8.5%) were the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Campylobacter (12.8%) and Aeromonas spp. (12.8%) were most common in diarrhoeal samples from school children. Vibrio spp. was less common (3% in the hospitals) and were all associated with diarrhoea. Antimicrobial resistance was common among the bacterial isolates but ceftriaxone (91%) and ciprofloxacin (88.6%) showed stronger activities against all the organisms. The present study has demonstrated that E. histolytica/dispar, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Cyclospora are common parasitic causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district while Campylobacter spp. and Aeromonas are the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district of South Africa.

<i>Campylobacter</i> Spp. Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in a Developing Country, Burkina Faso (West Africa)

“…Recent data on the resistance of Campylobacter strains isolated from humans to amoxicillin are rare. The rate of resistance to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid in the study in Burkina Faso was lower than that (44%) reported by Samie et al, (37) in South Africa. However, the resistance rate to ceftriaxon in Burkina Faso was higher that (8%) in South Africa while it was lower than those reported in other cities from developing countries as Ilorin in Nigeria (84%) or Teheran in Iran (47%) (23,38).…”

“…However, the resistance rate to ceftriaxon in Burkina Faso was higher that (8%) in South Africa while it was lower than those reported in other cities from developing countries as Ilorin in Nigeria (84%) or Teheran in Iran (47%) (23,38). Gentamicin was the sole effective antibiotic against all the strains of Campylobacter in Burkina Faso as in Iran (38); resistance of 10.2% was reported from north India (39), 4 to 21% in Nigeria (23,37) were found to this antibiotic. Erythromycin is widely used in both children and adults world wide.…”

“…Erythromycin is widely used in both children and adults world wide. It has been reported that the resistance rates of Campylobacter to erythromycin is increasing and vary between 12 and 95% (28,37,40); however, the rate was lower in Burkina Faso (10.3%) and such lower rates were also found in north India, (6.1%) and in Sudan (1.7%) (15,39). Besides, Serichantalergs et al, (16) reported a decrease in the Campylobacter resistance rates to erythromycin, from 1996 to 2000, in urban Bangkok (Thailand).…”

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni

“…In the current study, all isolates were susceptible or moderately susceptible to erythromycin. Unlike some surveillances (20,23,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), we did not find macrolide-resistant strains.…”

Application of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel to human stool samples from Côte d’Ivoire

“…Huynen et al (2013) reported a similar prevalence of norovirus in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in Burkina Faso [22]. Enteric infections among apparently asymptomatic individuals represent a serious issue in endemic areas [23][24][25]. This unrecognized source of infections and the low level of hygiene and sanitation constitute a hazardous combination, which contributes to the endemic transmission of EE [7].…”