Prevalence of intestinal helminth eggs on vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated areas of Titagarh, West Bengal, India

Gupta, Neha; Khan, Dilip Kumar; Santra, S. C.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.02.003

Cited by 95 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…(1 B), showed that the distribution of larvae of Strongloides stercoralis showed, highly significance in vicinity of gutter (p=0.0001), while appeared significantly in its distribution in house garden (p=o.o463), vicinity of house (p=0.0463) and vegetable farms (p=0.0274), due to the soils of these gardens espicially in vegetable farms also harbour helminthic parasites as it is contaminated with human excreta, especially in places where it is used as manur. This result was similar to [16,17]. On the other hand, the isolation of this parasite showed highly significant in sedimentation technique (p=0.0001) and filter paper technique (p=0.001) compared with other techniques because it is suspended in a solution with low -specific gravity so that the larvae can get sedimented at the bottom [10].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Isolation and Diagnosis of Parasites from Different Soils in Baghdad City

Al-Khamesi

2017

JNUS

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A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of parasites in soil texture (loam) by using four techniques (salt floatation, zinc sulphate floatation, sedimentation and filter paper technique). During the period from December 2012 to May 2013, 70 soil samples were collected and analyzed from six various sites of Baghdad City such as (house garden, vicinity of house, vicinity of gutter, waste dumps, vegetable farm and hospital garden like Alyarmouk teaching hospital and Central teaching hospital of pediatric). The prevalence of soil parasites was as follows: Toxocara spp. eggs isolated by two floatation techniques (salt and zinc floatation techniques), but this parasite appeared significant in its floatation by salt floatation technique (p= 0.042), while protozoan cysts appeared highly significant in zinc floatation technique (p= 0.00001). In addition, larvae of Strongloides stercoralis showed highly significance in sedimentation and filter paper technique (p=0.0001 and p= 0.001) respectively. Furtherly, female of Strongloides stercoralis appeared significant in its isolation in sedimentation (p= 0.0463), Ascaris lumbricoides (ova) showed highly significant in sedimentation technique (p= 0.0043). These results concluded that the Toxocara spp. eggs more prevelant than other parasites in soil samples, and the soil may play an important role in transmission of zoonotic parasite diseases to human. In addition, the control of high population of animals such as stray dogs and cats is necessary to reduce the distribution of parasites.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Isolation and Diagnosis of Parasites from Different Soils in Baghdad City

Al-Khamesi

2017

JNUS

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“…Both Ahmedabad and Kanpur sites were cities with heavy industry, especially tanneries and, thus, their complaints were more pronounced, with visible ulceration, callous tissue formation, heavy skin irritations and dark finger nails. Public health concerns were raised over the high prevalence of helminth ova in commonly consumed vegetables like mint, lettuce, spinach, celery and parsley (Gupta et al 2009). Increased risks of hookworm infections were observed in farmers (Hyderabad) engaging in sewage farming with high levels of helminth eggs (Asacris lumbricoides: 70 ova/l; hookworms: 76 ova/l; and Trichuris trichura: 4 ova/l) increasing the risk of nematode infections among wastewater farmers while further downstream of the Musi River waterrelated risks decreased significantly (Ensink et al 2008).…”

Section: Estimates Of Adverse Impacts Of Wastewater When Used For Irrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban wastewater and agricultural reuse challenges in India

Amerasinghe

Bhardwaj

Scott

et al. 2013

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The publications in this series cover a wide range of subjects-from computer modeling to experience with water user associations-and vary in content from directly applicable research to more basic studies, on which applied work ultimately depends. Some research reports are narrowly focused, analytical and detailed empirical studies; others are wide-ranging and synthetic overviews of generic problems.Although most of the reports are published by IWMI staff and their collaborators, we welcome contributions from others. Each report is reviewed internally by IWMI staff, and by external reviewers. The reports are published and distributed both in hard copy and electronically (www.iwmi.org) and where possible all data and analyses will be available as separate downloadable files. Reports may be copied freely and cited with due acknowledgment. About IWMIIWMI's mission is to improve the management of land and water resources for food, livelihoods and the environment. In serving this mission, IWMI concentrates on the integration of policies, technologies and management systems to achieve workable solutions to real problems-practical, relevant results in the field of irrigation and water and land resources. Copyright © 2013, by IWMI. All rights reserved. IWMI encourages the use of its material provided that the organization is acknowledged and kept informed in all such instances.Front cover photograph shows two women watering a spinach plot with wastewater in peri-urban Hyderabad, India (photo credit: Priyanie Amerasinghe).Please send inquiries and comments to IWMI-Publications@cgiar.org

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“…Many species of nematodes and cestodes indirectly use water as a means of transmission, and infiltration of sewage into waterways and direct reuse of treated or partially treated sewage are common mechanisms by which parasites exploit water to complete their life cycle (4,(6)(7)(8)(9). Reuse options of concern may include land application of biosolids and wastewater and additionally the use of treated or partially treated wastewater for toilet flushing, irrigation, or clothes washing (7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enterobius vermicularis as a Novel Surrogate for the Presence of Helminth Ova in Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Plants

Rudko

Ruecker²,

Ashbolt

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Significant effort has gone into assessing the fate and removal of viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites during wastewater treatment to provide data addressing potential health risks associated with reuse options. Comparatively less is known about the fate of parasitic worm species ova in these complex systems. It is largely assumed that these helminths settle, are removed with the sludge, and consequently represent a relatively low risk for wastewater reuse applications. However, helminths are a highly diverse group of organisms that display a wide range of physical properties that complicate the application of a single treatment for helminth reduction during wastewater treatment. Moreover, their diverse biological and physical properties make some ova highly resistant to both disinfection (i.e., with chlorine or UV treatment) and physical removal (settling) through the wastewater treatment train, indicating that there may be reason to broaden the scope of our investigations into whether parasitic worm eggs can be identified in treated wastewater. The ubiquitous human parasitic nematode Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) produces small, buoyant ova. Utilizing a novel diagnostic quantitative PCR (qPCR), this study monitored E. vermicularis presence at two full-scale wastewater treatment plants over the course of 8 months and demonstrated incomplete physical removal of E. vermicularis ova through tertiary treatment, with removal efficiencies approximating only 0.5 and 1.6 log 10 at the two wastewater treatment plants based on qPCR. These findings demonstrate the need for more-diverse surrogates of helminthic ova to fully assess treatment performance with respect to reclaimed wastewaters.IMPORTANCE Helminths, despite being a diverse and environmentally resistant class of pathogens, are often underestimated and ignored when treatment performance at modern wastewater treatment plants is considered. A one-size-fits-all surrogate for removal of helminth ova may be inappropriate to adequately assess risk and ensure public safety when treated and partially treated wastewaters are encountered. This study argues for the use of human pinworm as a conservative indicator of the presence of helminth ova due to its small size, buoyancy, prevalence in humans, and environmental resistance.KEYWORDS Enterobius, helminth, monitoring, ova, qPCR, wastewater W ater serves as a medium for the transmission of many species of parasitic protozoa and helminths (1, 2). Contamination of water sources by parasites (and other causative agents of gastrointestinal illness) often occurs when sewage containing human waste is improperly treated (2, 3). Drinking, irrigation, recreation, and numerous

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Prevalence of intestinal helminth eggs on vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated areas of Titagarh, West Bengal, India

Cited by 95 publications

References 15 publications

Isolation and Diagnosis of Parasites from Different Soils in Baghdad City

Isolation and Diagnosis of Parasites from Different Soils in Baghdad City

Urban wastewater and agricultural reuse challenges in India

Enterobius vermicularis as a Novel Surrogate for the Presence of Helminth Ova in Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Plants

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