Prevalence of Infection of Endoparasites and Its Intensity in Small Mammals’ Liver Captured from Irrigated Rice Crop Area and Villages

Abstract

The research was conducted during November 2018 -January 2019 in two provinces namely West Java and Yogyakarta. The aim of the study was to study the prevalence of infection of endoparasites inhabiting the liver of small mammals and its intensity. Two different habitats, irrigated rice crop area and two villages closed each other were chosen as trapping sites. Sampling was conducted by performing two methods i.e. trapping using snap trap and LTBS (Linear Trap Barrier System) continually. The snap traps (75 pieces) and 30 bubu traps were set around the small mammals' habitat. A regular monitoring of the trapping was conducted in the next morning. Animals captured were identified and dissected to observe endoparasites infecting their digestive organs. The total number of samples captured from the two provincial trapping location was 423 individuals. There were four species identified namely Rattus argentiventer, Rattus tanezumi, Suncus murinus, and Bandicota indica. Two species of endoparasites were found in the liver of Taenia taeniaeformis and Capillaria hepatica. Prevalence of infection for both endoparasites was higher in animals captured from irrigated rice crop area compared to the village area. The prevalence of infection for T. taeniaeformis was 36.7% and C. hepatica was 35.25% from the animals captured in the irrigated rice crop. Their intensity of infection was varied from light, medium to heavy level. Meanwhile, the prevalence of infection for the same endoparasites from the animals captured from the village was lesser. Prevalence of infection for T. taeniaeformis infected animals captured in the two villages was 12.31% and 17.6%, respectively. The same situation was also similar for the C. hepatica which had their prevalence of 0.7% and 0.8% for the same samples captured from the same habitats. Their intensity was also lower than what we found in animals captured from the irrigated rice crop area.

Diversity of Rodent Species and Its Potency as the Vector for Transmitting Rodent Borne Parasitic Disease in Households

“…A continuous study in two provinces has revealed the presence of two helminth parasites in the livers of rodents and other small mammals captured in lowland rice irrigated areas and villages. In comparison to the rodent caught from the village habitat, the prevalence of infection here is higher [42].…”

“…To attract the animals, a daily fresh bait of salty fish and roasted coconut was applied. These traps were monitored the next morning to observe for captured animals and to replace the bait with new ones [42]. Subsequently, all captured animals were then identified morphologically [1], sexed, and recorded for the biological attributes (body weight, tail length, head-body length, mammary formulae, foot, and ear length) before dissection (Figure 3).…”

“…The animals and dissecting kit were sprayed with 70% ethanol. When some parts of the animals' a b bodies disappeared due to predation, careful examination of their morphological characters was needed for proper identification [42]. Furthermore, the belly skin was lifted and incisions were made from the belly to the neck.…”

“…During the dissecting, the liver was visually inspected for helminth parasites and all parasites found were recorded in the datasheet and identified for single or multiple infections. The identification of helminths was based on the description and taxonomic keys of the parasites [42,43,44].…”