Prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan – implications for the ability to produce long-lasting protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Liu, Tao; Wu, Shuping; Tao, Huangheng; Zeng, Guang; Zhou, Fuling; Guo, Fangjian; Wang, Xinghuan

doi:10.1101/2020.06.13.20130252

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We assumed in our model that there is a long-lasting protective immunity following infection which is consistent with previous human coronavirus types [29,30,32]. However, a recent study suggested that people are unlikely to produce long-lasting protective antibodies against this virus [41]. If, indeed, a rapid waning is possible, this highlights the importance to protect the elderly in regions of high outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Human mobility and poverty as key drivers of COVID-19 transmission and control

Yechezkel

Weiss

Rejwan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Applying heavy nationwide restrictions is a powerful method to curtail COVID-19 transmission but poses a significant humanitarian and economic crisis. Thus, it is essential to improve our understanding of COVID-19 transmission and develop more focused and effective strategies. As human mobility drives transmission, data from cell phone devices can be utilized to achieve these goals. Methods: We analyzed aggregated and anonymized mobility data from the cell-phone devices of>3 million users between February 1, 2020, to May 16, 2020 - in which several movement restrictions were applied and lifted in Israel. We integrated these mobility patterns into age-, risk- and region-structured transmission model. Calibrated to coronavirus incidence in 250 regions covering Israel, we evaluated the efficacy and effectiveness in decreasing mortality of applying localized and temporal lockdowns (stay-at-home order). Results: Poorer regions exhibited lower and slower compliance with the restrictions. Our transmission model further indicated that individuals from poverty areas were associated with high transmission rates. Model projections suggested that, counterintuitively, school closure has an adverse effect and increases COVID-19 mortality in the long run, while interventions focusing on the elderly are the most efficient. We also found that applying localized and temporal lockdowns during regional outbreaks reduce mortality compared to nationwide lockdowns. These trends were consistent across vast ranges of epidemiological parameters, possible seasonal forcing, and even when we assumed that vaccination would be commercially available in 1-3 years. Conclusions: More resources should be devoted to helping impoverished regions. Utilizing cellphone data despite being anonymized and aggregated can help policymakers worldwide identify hotspots and apply designated strategies against future COVID-19 outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Human mobility and poverty as key drivers of COVID-19 transmission and control

Yechezkel

Weiss

Rejwan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This agrees with findings by others. For example, Wu et al have shown that a small but significant number of patients recovered from COVID-19 lack SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies 63 , and that Liu et al have found similar mortality risks between those COVID-19 patients who tested positive for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and those who lacked antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 64 . Therefore, those recovered patients with XLA, ARA, or CVID must have an activated T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Pre-existing, Compromised Immune Systems: A Review of Case Reports

Dayan¹,

Kersten²,

Battaglia³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all COVID-19 patients are naïve patients as it is the first-time humans have been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As with exposure to many viruses, individuals with pre-existing, compromised immune systems may be at increased risk of developing severe symptoms and/or dying because of (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To learn more about such individuals, we conducted a search and review of published reports on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing, compromised immune systems. Here we present our review of patients who possess pre-existing primary antibody deficiency (PAD) and those who are organ transplant recipients on maintenance immunosuppressants. Our review indicates different clinical outcomes for the patients with pre-existing PAD, depending on the underlying causes. For organ transplant recipients, drug-induced immune suppression alone does not appear to enhance COVID-19 mortality risk - rather, advanced age, comorbidities, and the development of secondary complications appears required.

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“…"Serosurvey" efforts, aimed at determining overall exposure and seroconversion rates in a population, provide a tool to identify exposure associated risk factors and can guide the rational utilization in a health care setting of personal protective equipment (PPE), in addition to return to work policies and providing psychological support to health care workers who are at risk of secondary mental health issues due to overwork and fear of contagion 8 . Although serological studies have been extensively used to determine local epidemic dynamics and population infection fatality rates, significant gaps persist in the current understanding of the humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with asymptomatic infections, with recent evidence suggesting that asymptomatic individuals may have a weaker humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and an early reduction in antibody levels [9][10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance of over ten thousand health care workers in the Providence Oregon cohort

Leidner

Frary

Cramer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Frontline healthcare workers (HCW) are a high-risk population for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we present results from a large serosurveillance study of 10,019 asymptomatic HCW conducted during April-May 2020, in eight hospital medical centers across the state of Oregon, USA during the initial peak of the pandemic. Free and voluntary testing was performed at 14 +/- 3 day intervals, over a 4-week window at each site, utilizing a lab-developed ELISA based on the Epitope Diagnostics COVID-19 nucleocapsid IgG detection Kit. We identified 253 SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositive individuals among 10,019 total participants, representing a cross-sectional seroprevalence of 2.53%. Subgroup analysis identified differential seropositivity by job role, ranging from 8.03% among housekeepers, odds ratio 3.17 (95% CI 1.59-5.71), to 0.00% among anesthesiologists, odds ratio 0.00 (95% CI 0-0.26), both of which were significant. Over the course of the study, 17 seroconversions (0.25%) and 101 seroreversions (1.50%) were identified. Self-reported SARS-CoV-2 swab qPCR testing, when compared with subsequent serology on study, showed only modest agreement, κ = 0.47 (95% CI 0.32-0.62). Overall, these findings demonstrate relatively low seroprevalence and very low seroconversion rates among HCW in Oregon, USA, over a period in which aggressive social distancing measures were in place. The high rate of seroreversion observed in this cohort, and the relatively high discordance between SARS-CoV-2 serology and swab qPCR, highlight limitations of current detection methods, and stress the need for development of novel assessment methodologies to more accurately identify exposure (and/or immunity) to SARS-CoV-2 in this population.

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Prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan – implications for the ability to produce long-lasting protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 58 publications

References 40 publications

Human mobility and poverty as key drivers of COVID-19 transmission and control

Human mobility and poverty as key drivers of COVID-19 transmission and control

Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Pre-existing, Compromised Immune Systems: A Review of Case Reports

Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance of over ten thousand health care workers in the Providence Oregon cohort

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