Prevalence of <i>Leptospira</i> antibodies in wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) from Northern Portugal: risk factor analysis

Vale-Gonçalves, Hélia; Cabral, João Alexandre; Faria, Maria Carolina Ferreira; Nunes-Pereira, Margarida; Faria, Ana; Veloso, Octávia; Vieira, Maria Luísa; Paiva-Cardoso, Maria das Neves

doi:10.1017/s0950268814003331

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(Chiari, Zanoni, Tagliabue, Lavazza, & Alborali, ), Leptospira sp. (Vale‐Goncalves et al., ), Mycobacterium bovis (Naranjo, Gortazar, Vicente, & de la Fuente, ) or the hepatitis E virus (Jori et al., ). In fact, a recent study in Corsica provided molecular evidence of transmission of hepatitis E virus strains between wild boar and domestic pig populations (Jori et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FaecalEscherichia colias biological indicator of spatial interaction between domestic pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Corsica

Barth

Blome

Cornélis

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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SummaryOn the Mediterranean island of Corsica, cohabitation between sympatric domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is common and widespread and can facilitate the maintenance and dissemination of several pathogens detrimental for the pig industry or human health. In this study, we monitored a population of free-ranging domestic pigs reared in extensive conditions within a 800-ha property located in Central Corsica which was frequently visited by a sympatric population of wild boar between 2013 and 2015. We used GPS collars to assess evidence of a spatially shared environment. Subsequently, we analysed by PFGE of XbaI-restricted DNA if those populations shared faecal Escherichia coli clones that would indicate contact and compared these results with those collected in a distant (separated by at least 50 km) population of wild boar used as control.Results showed that one of eight wild boars sampled in the study area shed E. coli XbaI clones identical to clones isolated from domestic pig sounders from the farm, while wild boar populations sampled in distant parts of the study area shared no identical clone with the domestic pigs monitored. Interestingly, within the sampled pigs, two identical clones were found in 2013 and in 2015, indicating a long-time persisting colonization type. Although the method of isolation of E. coli and PFGE typing of the isolates requires intensive laboratory work, it is applicable under field conditions to monitor potential infectious contacts. It also provides evidence of exchange of microorganisms between sympatric domestic pigs and wild boar populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FaecalEscherichia colias biological indicator of spatial interaction between domestic pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Corsica

Barth

Blome

Cornélis

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Leptospira DNA was found in kidneys of boars in Japan [ 21 ]. In addition, anti- Leptospira antibodies were found in 65.4% of wild boars in Portugal [ 22 ], and in 33% of feral hogs ( Sus scrofa ) in Florida, USA [ 23 ]. Results of the epidemiological link between consumption of boar meat and Leptospira exposure found in this study warrant for further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LeptospiraExposure and Gardeners: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundLeptospira can be found in soil. However, it is unclear whether occupational exposure to soil may represent a risk for Leptospira infection in humans. Therefore, we sought to determine the association of Leptospira IgG seroprevalence with the occupation of gardener, and to determine the epidemiological characteristics of gardeners associated with Leptospira exposure.MethodsWe performed a case-control study in 168 gardeners and 168 age- and gender-matched control subjects without gardening occupation in Durango City, Mexico. The seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies in cases and controls was determined using an enzyme immunoassay. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of Leptospira exposure and the characteristics of the gardeners.ResultsAnti-Leptospira IgG antibodies were found in 10 (6%) of 168 gardeners and in 15 (8.9%) of 168 control subjects (odds ratio (OR): 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28 - 1.48; P = 0.40). Multivariate analysis showed that Leptospira seropositivity was positively associated with female gender (OR: 5.82; 95% CI: 1.11 - 30.46; P = 0.03), and negatively associated with eating while working (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05 - 0.87; P = 0.03). In addition, multivariate analysis showed that high anti-Leptospira levels were associated with consumption of boar meat (OR: 28.00; 95% CI: 1.20 - 648.80; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThis is the first case-control study of Leptospira exposure in gardeners. Results do not support an association of Leptospira exposure with the occupation of gardener. However, further studies to confirm the lack of this association are needed. The potential role of consumption of boar meat in Leptospira infection deserves further investigation.

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“…It is known that pigs are the main host for serovar Bratislava, Muenchen, Pomona and Tarassovi [51][52][53]. Bratislava and Tarassovi in particular have been commonly detected in wild boars [54,55]. It has been suggested that wild boars may play a role in transmission to domesticated pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalences of multi-pathogen and description of farm movement in pigs in two provinces in Vietnam

et al. 2020

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Background: In Vietnam, lack of animal health information is considered a major challenge for pig production. The main objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalences of five pathogens [porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and leptospirosis] and to better characterize the farm movements through a survey. Results: A total of 600 samples were collected from 120 farms from Bac Giang and Nghe An. Among unvaccinated herds, the highest seroprevalence was found for JE with 73.81% (95% CI: 68.39-78.74) in Bac Giang and 53.51% (95% CI 47.68-59.27) in Nghe An. Seroprevalences for PCV2 and M.hyo were 49.43% (95% CI: 45.06-53.80) and 46.06% (95% CI: 41.48-50.69) among unvaccinated animals. Accumulative co-infections for JE (86.25%) showed the highest level followed by M. hyo (66.25%) and PCV2 (62.50%). Three co-infections with JE had the highest positive rate (28.75%) followed by four co-infections (25.0%). Medium farms had relatively higher herd prevalences for all pathogens, except from leptospirosis. Overall, farmers exported/imported their pigs at the most 1-2 times every 6 months. Some respondents (5% for exportation and 20% for importation) had moved pigs more than 6 times over the last 6 months. Conclusions: Our study provided another pool of evidence that showed that PCV2, PRRS and H. hyo are endemic in pigs in Vietnam. Given the economic impacts of these pathogens elsewhere, the findings confirm the need for studies to evaluate the association between antibody response and clinical relevance as well as to assess the economic impact of co-infections at farm level. We also found that high seroprevalences of JE and leptospirosis were detected in pigs. From a pubic health point of view, it is crucial to raise public awareness especially for high risk occupations (mainly pig farm workers).

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Prevalence of Leptospira antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Northern Portugal: risk factor analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

FaecalEscherichia colias biological indicator of spatial interaction between domestic pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Corsica

FaecalEscherichia colias biological indicator of spatial interaction between domestic pigs and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Corsica

LeptospiraExposure and Gardeners: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

Seroprevalences of multi-pathogen and description of farm movement in pigs in two provinces in Vietnam

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