Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection, Its Virulent Genotypes, and Epstein-Barr Virus in Peruvian Patients With Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Cancer

Castañeda, Carlos A.; Castillo, Miluska; Chavez, Ivan; Barreda, Fernando; Suarez, Nancy; Nieves, Jais; Bernabe, Luis A.; Valdivia, Daniel; Ruíz, Eloy; Dias-Neto, Emmanuel; Landa-Baella, Maria; Bazan, Yaqueline; Rengifo, Carlos A.; Montenegro, Paola

doi:10.1200/jgo.19.00122

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The high incidence of EBVaGC could be the result of co-infection with EBV and H. pylori, which has been associated with increased risk of occurrence of gastric cancer [32]. Furthermore, EBV+ tumors were both diffuse and intestinal type and occurred more frequently in the cardia and middle stomach, similar to what has been observed in the literature [31,33]. These finding may have future potential therapeutic implications and raises the possibility that EBV may contribute to the high rate of GC in AN people.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The AN population has a 17-fold higher incidence of EBVaGC, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma [29], which are regularly driven by EBV [30]. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of EBV in AN gastric cancer patients and observed 20% of patient tumors were positive for the latent EBV marker EBER1, indicating that the AN population exhibits a higher percentage of EBV+ gastric cancer than most reported studies, and a rate comparable to a recently reported cohort of gastric cancer patients in Peru [31]. The high incidence of EBVaGC could be the result of co-infection with EBV and H. pylori, which has been associated with increased risk of occurrence of gastric cancer [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Molecular Classification of Gastric Cancer among Alaska Native People

Martinson

Mallari

Richter

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Gastric cancer is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy that often varies in presentation and disease among racial and ethnic groups. The Alaska Native (AN) people have the highest incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer in North America. This study examines molecular markers in solid tumor samples from eighty-five AN gastric adenocarcinoma patients using next-generation sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization analysis. AN patients have a low mutation burden with fewer somatic gene mutations in their tumors compared to other populations, with the most common mutation being TP53. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was associated with 20% of AN gastric cancers, which is higher than the world average of 10%. The inflammation marker, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is highly expressed in patients with the lowest survival rates. Mismatch repair deficiency was present in 10% of AN patients and was associated with patients who were female, 50 years or older, gene mutations, and tumors in the distal stomach. Program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was expressed in 14% of AN patients who were more likely to have MMR deficiency, EBV-associated gastric cancers, and mutations in the PIK3CA gene, all of which have been linked to clinical response to PD-1 inhibitors. These studies suggest a portion of AN gastric cancer patients could be candidates for immunotherapy. Overall, this study highlights future avenues of investigation for clinical and translational studies, so that we can improve early detection and develop more effective treatments for AN patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Molecular Classification of Gastric Cancer among Alaska Native People

Martinson

Mallari

Richter

et al. 2020

Cancers

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“…Recently, a study conducted in Peru aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori and EBV and its association with the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer and chronic gastritis [49]. This single-center study included 540 patients (median age was 60 years) evaluated between 2015 and 2018, with 375 of them having gastric cancer (67 underwent diagnostic endoscopy and 308 gastrectomy) and 165 chronic gastritis cases who underwent diagnostic endoscopy.…”

Section: Studies Ebv Infection Directly Assessing In Gastric Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr Virus and Helicobacter Pylori Co-Infection in Non-Malignant Gastroduodenal Disorders

Dávila-Collado¹,

Jarquín-Durán²,

Dong

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are two pathogens associated with the development of various human cancers. The coexistence of both microorganisms in gastric cancer specimens has been increasingly reported, suggesting that crosstalk of both pathogens may be implicated in the carcinogenesis process. Considering that chronic inflammation is an initial step in the development of several cancers, including gastric cancer, we conducted a systematic review to comprehensively evaluate publications in which EBV and H. pylori co-infection has been documented in patients with non-malignant gastroduodenal disorders (NMGDs), including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and dyspepsia. We searched the PubMed database up to August 2019, as well as publication references and, among the nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, we identified six studies assessing EBV infection directly in gastric tissues (total 949 patients) and three studies in which EBV infection status was determined by serological methods (total 662 patients). Due to the substantial methodological and clinical heterogeneity among studies identified, we could not conduct a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of EBV + H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs was 34% (range 1.8% to 60%). A higher co-infection rate (EBV + H. pylori) was reported in studies in which EBV was documented by serological methods in comparison with studies in which EBV infection was directly assessed in gastric specimens. The majority of these studies were conducted in Latin-America and India, with most of them comparing NMGDs with gastric cancer, but there were no studies comparing the co-infection rate in NMGDs with that in asymptomatic individuals. In comparison with gastritis caused by only one of these pathogens, EBV + H. pylori co-infection was associated with increased severity of gastric inflammation. In conclusion, only relatively small studies testing EBV and H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs have been published to date and the variable report results are likely influenced by geographic factors and detection methods.

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“…The visits to the patients' homes were organized by Lima sectors (Castaneda et al, 2019), coordinated by phone under the supervision of two scientists (MC and LB) and water samples were collected from the kitchen faucet. A total of 2L was collected in sterile bottles per-home and transported at room temperature to the laboratory within an approximate range of 2 hours.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extracted DNA was used for subsequent qPCR experiments. The detection of H. pylori was carried out using the quantitative PCR method (qPCR) under the supervision of 2 scientists (JN and NS) according to what has been previously described in a publication of our group (Castaneda et al, 2019). For the water samples, from a technical point of view, the detection limit of 0.2 copies/μl of the H. pylori genome was determined as positive for contamination, assuming that bacteria or fragments can be found in the water sample of these genetic material.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter Pylori Detected in Tap Water of Peruvian Patients with Gastric Cancer

Castillo

Bernabe

Castañeda

et al. 2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the presence of H. pylori in paired samples of tap water and gastric cancer (GC) lesion in Lima city (Peru). Material and methods: Gastric tissue and tap-water samples were prospectively collected from 82 Gastric Cancer who lived in Lima. HspA and ureA genes were evaluated by qPCR in the samples. Results: The median age of patients with GC was 63 years, 52.4% were men and stage-II in 36.6%. A home-living time> 10 years was reported in 84.1% of patients. Boiling water treatment was indicated in 85.4% of cases. H. pylori was detected in 69.5% of gastric tissues and in 12.2% of analyzed tap-water. There was no differences in gastric infection rates among those with or without water contamination (70% vs. 69.4%, p=0.971). Conclusion & Impact: H. pylori was found in tap-water samples, however, detection rates were lower than in gastric cancer samples. Other sources of infection transmission should be investigated.

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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Its Virulent Genotypes, and Epstein-Barr Virus in Peruvian Patients With Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Cancer

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Molecular Classification of Gastric Cancer among Alaska Native People

Molecular Classification of Gastric Cancer among Alaska Native People

Epstein–Barr Virus and Helicobacter Pylori Co-Infection in Non-Malignant Gastroduodenal Disorders

Helicobacter Pylori Detected in Tap Water of Peruvian Patients with Gastric Cancer

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