Prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>, <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> and molecular characterization of group A rotavirus associated with diarrhea in children below five years old in Gaborone, Botswana

Kurenzvi, Lineage; Sebunya, Teresa K.; Coetzee, Tidimalo; Paganotti, Giacomo Maria; Teye, Mathias Vondee

doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.37.159.25392

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Furthermore, Cryptosporidium infection, amongst other enteric pathogens, was associated with growth faltering in children with diarrhoea [ 32 ]. Regarding gender, no significant association with Cryptosporidium or Giardia infection was found, which is supported by previous studies conducted in different countries [ 33 – 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in under-five children with diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi

Bitilinyu-Bangoh,

Riesebosch,

Rebel

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Diarrhoeal diseases are common among children in low- and middle-income countries and are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Cryptosporidium and Giardia are considered to be the main parasitic causes of diarrhoea in children. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection in children under five years of age presenting at two health centres (Ndirande and Limbe) in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed from February to July 2019 and included 972 children under 5 years of age with diarrhoea. Stool samples were immediately tested after collection at enrolment with a rapid diagnostic test for Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the prevalence of these protozoan parasitic infections, and differences in the basic demographic and anthroponotic variables (between children with diarrhoea and parasite infection, being either Cryptosporidium and Giardia or both versus children with diarrhoea but no RDT confirmed parasite infection) were assessed. Their association with Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection was analysed using simple logistic regressions. Results Of the children recruited, 88 (9.1%) tested positive for Cryptosporidium and 184 (18.9%) for Giardia. Children with only a Giardia infection or a coinfection (of both parasites) were significantly older (mean age 24–26 months) compared to children with only a Cryptosporidium infection (mean age 13 months) or no parasitic infection (mean age 14 months). No significant differences were found with respect to gender, body temperature, stunting or wasting between the different groups of children with moderate to severe diarrhoea. Children attending the Ndirande health centre had almost two times higher odds of testing positive for both infections than those attending Limbe health centre. Conclusion Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections are highly prevalent in children < 5 years with moderate to severe diarrhoea attending the Limbe and Ndirande health centres in Blantyre, Malawi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in under-five children with diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi

Bitilinyu-Bangoh,

Riesebosch,

Rebel

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Giardia lamblia , Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. are among the most common enteric protozoa parasites that significantly contribute to acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal disease globally [ 31 , 32 ]. Their virulence factors and intestinal invasion mechanisms are well characterized and have been frequently reviewed [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Intestinal Protozoa—pathogenic Commensal or Beneficial?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Commensal Intestinal Protozoa—Underestimated Members of the Gut Microbial Community

Dubik

Pilecki

Møeller

2022

Biology

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The human gastrointestinal microbiota contains a diverse consortium of microbes, including bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and fungi. Through millennia of co-evolution, the host–microbiota interactions have shaped the immune system to both tolerate and maintain the symbiotic relationship with commensal microbiota, while exerting protective responses against invading pathogens. Microbiome research is dominated by studies describing the impact of prokaryotic bacteria on gut immunity with a limited understanding of their relationship with other integral microbiota constituents. However, converging evidence shows that eukaryotic organisms, such as commensal protozoa, can play an important role in modulating intestinal immune responses as well as influencing the overall health of the host. The presence of several protozoa species has recently been shown to be a common occurrence in healthy populations worldwide, suggesting that many of these are commensals rather than invading pathogens. This review aims to discuss the most recent, conflicting findings regarding the role of intestinal protozoa in gut homeostasis, interactions between intestinal protozoa and the bacterial microbiota, as well as potential immunological consequences of protozoa colonization.

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“… 12 , 13 Thus, RV and Cryptosporidium spp. often share the same environments and hosts, 14 , 15 in addition to causing similar symptoms. However, few studies focused on the implications of potential interactions, either direct or indirect, between these two pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium infection of human small intestinal epithelial cells induces type III interferon and impairs infectivity of Rotavirus

Greigert,

Saraav,

Son

et al. 2024

Gut Microbes

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Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of severe diarrheal disease in infants from resource poor settings. The majority of infections are caused by the human-specific pathogen C. hominis and absence of in vitro growth platforms has limited our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and development of effective treatments. To address this problem, we developed a stem cell-derived culture system for C. hominis using human enterocytes differentiated under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions. Human ALI cultures supported robust growth and complete development of C. hominis in vitro including all life cycle stages. Cryptosporidium infection induced a strong interferon response from enterocytes, possibly driven, in part, by an endogenous dsRNA virus in the parasite. Prior infection with Cryptosporidium induced type III IFN secretion and consequently blunted infection with Rotavirus, including live attenuated vaccine strains. The development of hALI provides a platform for further studies on human-specific pathogens, including clinically important coinfections that may alter vaccine efficacy.

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Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and molecular characterization of group A rotavirus associated with diarrhea in children below five years old in Gaborone, Botswana

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in under-five children with diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in under-five children with diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi

Commensal Intestinal Protozoa—Underestimated Members of the Gut Microbial Community

Cryptosporidium infection of human small intestinal epithelial cells induces type III interferon and impairs infectivity of Rotavirus

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