Prevalence of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> in Ixodid Ticks from Southeastern Ukraine

Kovryha, Nadia; Tsyhankova, Ala; Zelenuchina, Olena; Mashchak, Olexandr; Terekhov, Roman; Rogovskyy, Artem S.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2020.2716

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Dermacentor reticulatus ticks have been found to carry Borrelia in Germany [ 47 , 48 ], but Borrelia -negative D. reticulatus ticks have also been reported in several studies from Germany [ 14 , 31 , 49 – 51 ]. In our study, none of the D. reticulatus ticks ( n = 80) was positive for B. burgdorferi s.l., although at two spots Borrelia DNA was detected in sympatric I. ricinus complex ticks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and small mammals from different habitats

et al. 2022

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Background Ixodid ticks are important vectors for zoonotic pathogens, with Ixodes ricinus being the most important in Europe. Rodents are hosts of immature life stages of I. ricinus ticks and are considered main reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens, e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence as well as genospecies and sequence type (ST) diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and small mammals from central Germany and to elaborate on the influence of environmental and/or individual host and vector factors on Borrelia prevalence. Methods After species identification, 1167 small mammal skin samples and 1094 ticks from vegetation were screened by B. burgdorferi sensu lato real-time polymerase chain reaction, and positive samples were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. Generalized linear (mixed) models were used to estimate how seasonality, small mammal species/tick life stage and habitat affect individual infection status. Results In total, 10 small mammal species and three tick species, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes inopinatus (both considered members of the I. ricinus complex) and Dermacentor reticulatus, were investigated. Borrelia DNA was detected in eight host species, i.e. the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), the yellow-necked field mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), the water vole (Arvicola amphibius), the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), the field vole (Microtus agrestis), the common vole (Microtus arvalis), and the common shrew (Sorex araneus). Two species were Borrelia negative, the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) and the pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus). The average prevalence was 6.2%, with two genospecies detected, Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii, and at least three STs that had not been previously reported in small mammals. Borrelia prevalence in small mammals did not differ between seasons. Six genospecies of Borrelia—Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia valaisiana, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia lusitaniae, Borrelia spielmanii, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto—and 25 STs of Borrelia, of which 12 have not been previously described at all and five have not been previously reported in Germany, were detected in 13% of I. ricinus complex ticks. Prevalence was highest in adult females (25.3%) and lowest in nymphs (11.4%). Prevalence was significantly higher in ticks from grassland (16.8%) compared to forests (11.4%). Conclusions The high level of small mammal diversity in this region of Germany seems to be reflected in a wide variety of genospecies and STs of B. burgdorferi. Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and small mammals from different habitats

et al. 2022

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“…Anaplasma , which belongs to the family Anaplasmataceae and is transmitted by arthropod vectors, can cause severe anemia [ 62 ]. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonotic pathogen found in the granulocytes of animals and humans which can infect human peripheral blood neutrophils and lead to tick-borne diseases and symptoms of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, such as fever accompanied by leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and functional impairment [ 63 ]. Domestic animals are important hosts of A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomics of the midgut microbiome of Rhipicephalus microplus from China

et al. 2022

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Background Ticks, which are ectoparasites of animals, may carry multiple pathogens. The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is an important bovine parasite in China. However, the midgut microbiome of R. microplus from China has not been characterized via metagenomic methods. Methods Rhipicephalus microplus were collected from cattle in the city of Changsha in Hunan province, China. The DNA of the midgut contents was extracted from fully engorged adult female R. microplus. A DNA library was constructed and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. SOAPdenovo software was used to assemble and analyze the clean data. The latent class analysis algorithm applied to system classification by MEGAN software was used to annotate the information on the species’ sequences. DIAMOND software was used to compare unigenes with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, and functional annotation was carried out based on the results of the comparison. Results The dominant phyla in the five samples were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Streptococcus, Mycobacterium, Anaplasma, Enterococcus, Shigella, Lactobacillus, Brachyspira, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Bacillus, and Lactococcus were the dominant genera in the five samples. The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia was also detected in all of the samples. Mycobacterium malmesburyense, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Enterococcus faecium, Shigella sonnei, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus casei, Brachyspira hampsonii, Pseudomonas syringae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Lactococcus garvieae were the dominant species in the five samples. In addition to these bacterial species, we also detected some eukaryotes, such as Rhizophagus irregularis, Enterospora canceri, Smittium culicis, Zancudomyces culisetae, Trachipleistophora hominis, and viruses such as orf virus, human endogenous retrovirus type W, enzootic nasal tumor virus of goats, bovine retrovirus CH15, and galidia endogenous retrovirus in all of the samples at the species level. The results of the annotated KEGG pathway predictions for the gene functions of the midgut microflora of R. microplus indicated genes involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism, infectious diseases (e.g., Streptococcuspneumonia infection, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Shigellasonnei infection, Salmonella enterica infection, and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection), and cancer. Conclusions Our study revealed that the midgut microbiome of R. microplus is not only composed of a large number of bacteria, but that a portion also comprises eukaryotes and viruses. The data presented here enhance our understanding of this tick’s midgut microbiome and provide fundamental information for the control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Graphical Abstract

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“…Clinical cases are sporadically presented in Austria [ 32 ]. Spirochetes of the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex are seen in ticks in similarly large varying numbers in Europe (i.e., between 8.6% and 25.6%) [ 4 , 33 , 34 ]. However, Dermacentor spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Protozoans in Austria Revealed through the Use of Dogs as Sentinels for Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens

et al. 2021

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We previously isolated and cultivated the novel Rickettsia raoultii strain Jongejan. This prompted us to ask whether this strain is unique or more widely present in Austria. To assess this issue, we retrospectively screened ticks collected from dogs in 2008. Of these collected ticks, we randomly selected 75 (47 females and 28 males) Dermacentor reticulatus, 44 (21 females, 7 males, and 16 nymphs) Haemaphysalis concinna, and 55 (52 females and 3 males) ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. Subsequently, these ticks were individually screened for the presence of tick-borne pathogens using the reverse line blot hybridization assay. In our current study, we detected DNA from the following microbes in D. reticulatus: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia lusitaniae, Borrelia spielmanii, Borrelia valaisiana, and R. raoultii, all of which were R. raoultii strain Jongejan. In H. concinna, we found DNA of a Babesia sp., Rickettsia helvetica, and an organism closely related to Theileria capreoli. Lastly, I. ricinus was positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii/Borrelia bavariensis, B. lusitaniae, B. spielmanii, B. valaisiana, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia monacensis, and Theileria (Babesia) microti DNA. The detection of DNA of the Babesia sp. and an organism closely related to Theileria capreoli, both found in H. concinna ticks, is novel for Austria.

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Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodid Ticks from Southeastern Ukraine

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and small mammals from different habitats

Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and small mammals from different habitats

Metagenomics of the midgut microbiome of Rhipicephalus microplus from China

Novel Protozoans in Austria Revealed through the Use of Dogs as Sentinels for Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens

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