Prevalence of Hypertension in Vietnam: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Studies on the prevalence of hypertension in Vietnam have reported various estimates. There is no up-to-date assessment of the evidence on the magnitude of hypertension in Vietnam. Search engines for scientific and gray literature were used to identify relevant records for eligibility screening and quality assessment. Data from selected articles were extracted using standardized spreadsheets. Statistical analysis included estimating pooled prevalence and odds ratio, heterogeneity evaluation, meta-regression, and subgroup analysis, in addition to sensitivity analysis and publication bias evaluation. The pooled prevalence of measured hypertension in Vietnam was 21.1% (95% confidence interval = 18.5-23.7) based on 10 studies, and 18.4% (95% confidence interval = 15.2-21.8) based on 3 national surveys. Lower pooled prevalence was estimated for hypertension awareness (9.3%) and hypertension treatment (4.7%). The pooled prevalence of measured hypertension is significantly higher among men. The pooled prevalence of measured hypertension and hypertension awareness and treatment were significantly lower in rural settings. There is a need to strengthen efforts for primary and secondary prevention and disease management to reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in rural residence settings.

Associated Factors of Hypertension in Women and Men in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The sample size was calculated using the formula (1) [22]:N=Z2p1−pd2 where N is the sample size, Z is the level of confidence, p is expected prevalence, and d is the absolute error of precision, corresponding to effect size [22]. The sample of 384 was calculated with Z = 1.96 for type I error of 5%, p = 0.20 as the prevalence of hypertension was ranged from 18.4% to 21.1% in Vietnam [14], and d = 0.04 as suggested for a cross-sectional study design [23]. According to the World Health Organization guideline in the STEPwise approach to surveillance, in order to have an adequate precision level for each sex-age estimate, the sample size must be multiplied by 6 (3 groups of age: 18–44, 45–59, 60–69 years for men and women) [24].…”

“…In the Vietnamese population, blood pressure constantly increased from 2001–2009 [13]. The prevalence of hypertension in Vietnam was 18.4% based on three national surveys and 21.1% based on 10 other studies [14]. The level of hypertension awareness (9.3%–25.9%) and treatment (4.7%–12.2%) were very low [14,15].…”

“…The prevalence of hypertension in Vietnam was 18.4% based on three national surveys and 21.1% based on 10 other studies [14]. The level of hypertension awareness (9.3%–25.9%) and treatment (4.7%–12.2%) were very low [14,15]. In addition, the medication adherence rate (49.8%) was relatively low in hypertensive people [16].…”

Characterizing Patients with Uncontrolled Blood Pressure at an Urban Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam

“…Vietnam has been witnessed a rapid epidemiological transition in the last decade, resulting in a significant increase in noncommunicable diseases, including hypertension [ 12 ]. A recent meta-analysis figured out that 21.1% of Vietnamese adults are living with hypertension [ 13 ]. To date, only one study performed in the community found that 37.7% of patients who received antihypertensive medication developed uncontrolled blood pressure [ 14 ].…”

Validation of the Short-Form Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-SF12) and Its Determinants among People Living in Rural Areas in Vietnam

“…Access to health care services in Vietnam is at a low level [13]. In addition, the medication adherence rate, level of awareness, and treatment are relatively low in people with NCDs, and are significantly lower in rural settings [14,15,16].…”