Prevalence of hypertension in school children

Rumboldt, Mirjana; Pavličević, Ivančica; Kuzmanić, Marion; Rumboldt, Zvonko

doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282f4836d

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Because repeated observations were obtained at 3-or 4-year intervals, any habituation is expected to be minimal. 39 Moreover, the same trends over time were found in children of the lowest grade (kindergarten), who had only 1 BP measurement session, compared with older children who could have several BP measurement sessions. Finally, we used US reference data 30 to define elevated BP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Discordant Secular Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in a Rapidly Developing Country

et al. 2009

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Background-The effect of the increasing prevalence of obesity on blood pressure (BP) secular trends is unclear. We analyzed BP and body mass index secular trends between 1998 and 2006 in children and adolescents of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing island state in the African region. Methods and Results-School-based surveys were conducted annually between 1998 and 2006 among all students in 4 school grades (kindergarten and 4th, 7th, and 10th years of compulsory school). We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria to define obesity and elevated BP. The same methods and instruments were used in all surveys. Some 25 586 children and adolescents 4 to 18 years of age contributed 43 867 observations. Although the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls increased from 5.1% and 6.0%, respectively, in 1998 to 2000 to 8.0% and 8.7% in 2004 to 2006, the prevalence of elevated BP decreased from 8.4% and 9.8% to 6.9% and 7.8%. During the interval, mean age-adjusted body mass index increased by 0.57 kg/m 2 in boys and 0.58 kg/m 2 in girls. Mean age-and height-adjusted systolic BP decreased by Ϫ3.0 mm Hg in boys and Ϫ2.8 mm Hg in girls, whereas mean diastolic BP did not change substantially in boys (Ϫ0.2 mm Hg) and increased slightly in girls (0.4 mm Hg). Conclusion-At a population level, the marked increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in the Seychelles was not associated with a commensurate secular rise in mean BP. (Circulation. 2009;119:558-565.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Discordant Secular Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in a Rapidly Developing Country

et al. 2009

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“…Until 2017, the 95th percentile of the sex and age sample was used as the threshold of elevated BP in the pediatric population, i.e., the proportion of children with elevated BP was presumed to be ~5%. Roughly the same values were reported in 1982 in Croatia (945 boys and 980 girls aged 6-17 years) -3.1% for sBP and 2.9% for the dBP, [18] in [2005][2006] in Switzerland (2621 boys, 2586 girls, mean age 12.3±0.5 years) -2.2%, [19] in 2003-2008 in Russia (1300 grade 8-11 students, 14-17 years) -3.7%. [20] At the same time, pediatricians were very reluctant to diagnose "hypertension" in children and insisted on prolonged observation, repeated measurements, and the search for clinical signs characteristic of hypertension in adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…[20] At the same time, pediatricians were very reluctant to diagnose "hypertension" in children and insisted on prolonged observation, repeated measurements, and the search for clinical signs characteristic of hypertension in adults. [18,19] In 2017, the thresholds of normal BP were more strictly defined for both adults and children. Thus, according to the new recommendations of specialized European and American professional communities, [14,15] the boundary between normal and elevated BP in children remained at the 90th percentile of the parameter distribution in the corresponding sex and age sample, while the boundary between elevated BP and hypertension is the 95th percentile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Shift of the Parameters of the Cardiovascular System in Adolescents during the Period from 2004 to 2020 as a Result of Modification of Educational Environment

Nb¹,

Karganov²

2022

ujph

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The purpose of our study was to search for possible changes in the parameters of the cardiovascular system in adolescents during the period from 2004 to 2020 against the background of the introduction of digital technologies into the educational environment. Methods: A comparative analysis of the parameters of the cardiovascular system in female and male adolescents aged from 13.9 to 15.4 years was carried out (57 adolescents in 2004 and 53 adolescents in 2020). We used a spiroartheriocardiorythmograph allowing recording of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) and spectral parameters of HR variability and variability of systolic (sBP) and diastolic (dBP) BP. The parameters were recorded at rest in the sitting position for over two min. All studies were performed during school hours in February-March. Results: An increase in the mean sBP values and an increase in the proportion of adolescents with BP in the "hypertension" range to 55% were found in 2020. The total power of HR variability spectrum remained constant, while the relative power of the LF range increased and the absolute power of the VLF range tended to decrease. In the sBP variability spectrum, an increase in the total power and all its ranges was detected, but the relative power of the LF range decreased. In the dBP variability spectrum, the absolute power of the VLF range decreased, while the total power remained constant. No changes in the stress index and alpha index were detected.The dynamics of the parameters in male and female adolescents were similar. Conclusion: These findings indicate significant shifts in the parameters of the cardiovascular system in adolescents from 2004 to 2020 recorded during school hours analysis of the parameters of heart rate and BP variability reflecting the mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system, suggests that the identified shifts were caused by psycho-emotional stress. We associate this state with the use of digital educational technologies. This trend requires the close attention of school health professionals. It would be expedient to establish the practice of BP measurements at school and share hygienic recommendations on working with digital technologies for students and their parents.

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“…Observational surveys have demonstrated that high BP levels are frequently associated with other concomitant CV risk factors, including obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes in young individuals 15–18. This clustering of multiple, concomitant CV risk factors may exert different effects according to target populations: while in adulthood it raises the susceptibility for developing major CV and renal events, including acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart and renal failure,19,20 in childhood it may substantially promote an acceleration of the risk of developing established CV disease in adult age 21,22.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olmesartan medoxomil for the treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents

Volpe¹

2011

VHRM

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Prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents has progressively and continuously increased over recent decades. Thus, early and effective control of high blood pressure may be considered an effective therapeutic approach, in order to reduce the burden of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease in future. In the past, due to the absence of prospective, long-term, randomized, controlled clinical trials performed in young hypertensive patients, lifestyle changes have been long seen as the only strategy to reduce high blood pressure levels. More recently, clinical data on the efficacy and safety of five major classes of antihypertensive drugs (including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], beta-blockers, calcium-antagonists, and diuretics) have become available. In particular, these trials demonstrated dose-dependent blood pressure reductions and a good tolerability profile of several ARBs in hypertensive children and adolescents. An overview is provided of the clinical benefits of early detection and prompt intervention of high blood pressure levels, with a closer analysis of recent clinical trials, performed with olmesartan medoxomil in young subjects with hypertension.

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Prevalence of hypertension in school children

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Discordant Secular Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in a Rapidly Developing Country

Discordant Secular Trends in Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in a Rapidly Developing Country

A Shift of the Parameters of the Cardiovascular System in Adolescents during the Period from 2004 to 2020 as a Result of Modification of Educational Environment

Olmesartan medoxomil for the treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents

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