Prevalence of Hypertension in 9- to 10-Year-Old Icelandic School Children

Steinthorsdottir, Sandra D.; Eliasdottir, Sigridur B.; Indridason, Ólafur S.; Agustsdottir, Inger M.Sch.; Pálsson, Runólfur; Edvardsson, Vidar O.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00496.x

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…This confirms trends reported in recent single-center and multicenter referral series, [1][2][3]5 as well as findings from school screening studies indicating a higher prevalence of hypertension among obese children. 13,14 In addition, nonobese children aged ≥6 years had higher DBP than obese children, which is consistent with reports demonstrating a high prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension in obese children. 15 Although total cholesterol was similar in the obese and nonobese groups, triglycerides were higher, consistent with the dyslipidemia frequently seen in obese 16 Excluding patients who were <6 years old, estimated GFR was higher in obese hypertensive children and adolescents, which reflects glomerular hyperfiltration, a known risk factor for obesityrelated renal damage.…”

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confidence: 80%

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Children With Hypertension

et al. 2012

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Abstract-Most information describing hypertension in the young comes from single-center reports. To better understand contemporary demographic and clinical characteristics of hypertensive children and adolescents, we examined baseline data on 351 children aged 1 to <17 years old who were enrolled in 2 multicenter trials of valsartan. Anthropometric, laboratory, and demographic information at randomization was extracted from the clinical trials databases. Summary variables were created and compared for 3 age groups: <6 years (n=90), 6 to <12 years (n=131), and 12 to <17 years (n=130). Comparisons were also made between different etiologies of hypertension and for different anthropometric categories. Children <6 years old were significantly more likely to have secondary hypertension and were significantly less likely to have weight or body mass index >95 percentile compared with older children. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in children <6 years old (90.9±31.8 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ) than in the other 2 age groups (6 to <12 years, 141.4±42.1 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ; 12 to <17 years, 138.3±46.0 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ). Frequency of total cholesterol >95 percentile was significantly lower in children aged <6 years. Diastolic blood pressure index (subject blood pressure÷95 percentile) was significantly higher in children <6 years old (1.1 versus 1.0 in both the 6 to <12 years and 12 to <17 years groups; both P<0.0001). We conclude that hypertensive children <6 years are more likely to have secondary hypertension and to have higher diastolic blood pressure and lower glomerular filtration rate and are less likely to be obese or to have elevated cholesterol than school-aged children or adolescents. These findings emphasize unique aspects of childhood hypertension that should be considered when evaluating children and adolescents with elevated blood pressure and in designing future clinical trials.

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confidence: 80%

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Children With Hypertension

et al. 2012

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“…A study of 18 male adolescent athletes reported 88% had WCH, 66 whereas a study of 1071 Icelandic children 9 to 10 years of age found sustained hypertension in 2.5% and WCH in just 0.6%. 67 Other pediatric studies have reported the prevalence of WCH to be in the range of 22% to 32%. 68 Of note, Sorof et al 69 have suggested that the use of ABPM to rule out WCH should be limited to patients with borderline or mild clinical hypertension, because patients with higher office BP levels are more likely to be truly hypertensive.…”

Section: Usefulness Of Abpm To Classify Bpmentioning

confidence: 97%

Update: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children and Adolescents

Flynn¹,

Daniels²,

Hayman³

et al. 2014

Hypertension

529

417

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“…For example, the study from Iceland evaluated BP in 1071 children aged 9–10 years [5]. The prevalence of elevated BP was 13.1, 6, and 3.1% after the first, second, and third screens, respectively.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of blood pressure in children

Malatesta-Muncher

Mitsnefes

2012

Current Opinion in Nephrology &Amp; Hypertension

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Purpose of review This review summarizes recent insights into the epidemiology of primary hypertension in children, with emphasis on the most important risk factors for the development of hypertension, and also updates current options for treating primary hypertension in children. Recent findings There is growing evidence that the prevalence of hypertension has increased over the past decade and that the epidemic of obesity has played a key role in the increase of blood pressure (BP) in the USA and abroad. Recent studies have shown that in addition to obesity, environmental factors such as second-hand smoking and sedentary lifestyle are important in development of hypertension even in preschool age children. Studies also have confirmed the effect of vegetables and fruits on lowering BP. Recent clinical trials of valsartan and olmesartan have provided efficacy and safety information for use in children. Summary The increased prevalence of hypertension in children in recent years emphasizes the need for a more aggressive approach to screen and diagnose elevated BP even in early childhood. Early initiation of treatment is important to decrease the risk of cardiovascular morbidity in adulthood.

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Prevalence of Hypertension in 9- to 10-Year-Old Icelandic School Children

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Children With Hypertension

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Children With Hypertension

Update: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children and Adolescents

Management of blood pressure in children

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