Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in schoolchildren from Central India

Patel, Ashish; Bharani, Anil; Sharma, Meenakshi; Bhagwat, A. K.; Ganguli, Neepa; Chouhan, Dharampal Singh

doi:10.4103/apc.apc_13_18

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A family history of HTN also proved to be a strong indicator in our study where 20.0% of children having a positive family history had HTN and 10.0% had pre-HTN. This finding is consistent with an Indian and a Nigerian study [27][28]. There has been no gender or nationality variation in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Children Attending Out Patient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi

Bilal¹,

Haseeb²,

Saeed³

et al. 2020

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The childhood obesity epidemic has caused the global prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in children to increase from 2% to 4%. However, there is limited data regarding this issue in Pakistan. Hence this cross-sectional study aims to document the prevalence of HTN and its risk factors among children visiting the out patient department (OPD) of a government hospital in Karachi, which is one of the largest cities in Pakistan. Methods: One thousand children aged between 4 and 12 years who visited the OPD in October 2019 were included. Blood pressures (BPs) for each child were measured manually and recorded. Their guardians were then interviewed to assess the risk factors present in each child. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Results: Among all the children, those between 4 and 7 years of age had a higher prevalence of HTN (19.2%; 9.2% stage 1 and 10.0% stage 2) than children aged between 8 and 12 years (14.5%; 8.0% stage 1 and 6.5% stage 2). Obese children between the age of 4 and 7 years (OR = 3.11) were more likely to develop HTN. Moreover, children with a positive family history of HTN were 1.43 times more likely to have HTN and 1.32 times more likely to have pre-HTN. There was no significant association of gender, artificial feeding, low birth weight, and maternal smoking with HTN. Conclusion: The prevalence is particularly higher in children aged between 4 and 7 years (19.2%) and there is a strong association between high BMI (body mass index), family history of HTN, and high-fat diet intake with HTN in children. There was no significant variation of prevalence between both genders.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Children Attending Out Patient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi

Bilal¹,

Haseeb²,

Saeed³

et al. 2020

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The prevalence of high BP noted in the CNNS in the current study is greater than that reported in most studies from India, although previous estimates were variable, ranging from 2.2% to 25.1%. In one of the largest cross-sectional studies that was conducted in central India, involving 11 312 children between 5 and 15 years of age (5305 girls and 6007 boys), high BP was found in 6.8% of the boys and 7.0% of the girls . In a meta-analysis of 25 published studies from India (total sample of 27 682 participants), the pooled estimate of prevalence of high BP was 7.6% (95% CI, 6.1%-9.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In one of the largest cross-sectional studies that was conducted in central India, involving 11 312 children between 5 and 15 years of age (5305 girls and 6007 boys), high BP was found in 6.8% of the boys and 7.0% of the girls. 22 In a meta-analysis 12…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,23 In studies that compared both criteria, the estimated prevalence of elevated BP was higher with the 2017 criteria compared with the 2004 criteria. 24 Another differentiator is that although most earlier studies 19,22 measured BP by the auscultatory method using a mercury sphygmomanometer, the CNNS used calibrated oscillometric automated devices. 13 Higher SBP readings when using oscillometric devices have been noted in a systematic review and meta-analysis 25 with a pooled effect estimate of 2.53 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.57-4.5 mm Hg) when compared with a standard mercury sphygmomanometer in children.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of and Factors Associated With High Blood Pressure Among Adolescents in India

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceHigh blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents is becoming one of the most common health conditions worldwide and is much more widely prevalent than previously thought.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of high BP in adolescents in India and identify associated factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016-2018), which used a multistage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design to enroll a nationally representative sample of households and individuals aged 10 to 19 years across all states and union territories of India. Adolescents with acute or chronic illness, physical deformity, mental illness, or cognitive disability were excluded from the survey. Because BP was measured only in children between 10 and 19 years of age, only data from children within this age group were included for secondary analyses. Data analysis was performed from March 2021 to April 2022.ExposuresAnthropometry.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOn the basis of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, high BP was defined as stage 1 and 2 hypertension, with BP above the 95th percentile in children younger than 13 years and greater than 130/80 mm Hg in children 13 years or older. The association of age, sex, region, socioeconomic status, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and lipid profile with high BP were examined using log binomial regression.ResultsAmong 16 182 eligible children aged 10 to 19 years (mean [SD] age, 14.2 [2.8] years; 7849 [48.5%] female and 8333 [51.5%] male), 11 718 had valid BP data with 3 repeated readings. the prevalence of high BP was 35.1% (95% CI, 31.5%-38.9%) in children aged 10 to 12 years and 25.1% (95% CI, 22.5%-28.0%) in children 13 years or older. Overweight and obesity were associated with a higher risk of high BP in both younger (prevalence ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.34) and older children (prevalence ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.49). The prevalence of high BP in younger children with stunting was high at 40.1% (95% CI, 31.9%-48.9%) and was 21.9% (95% CI, 18.2%-26.1%) among older children with stunting. In both age groups, high BP coexisted with other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such that adolescents with high fasting blood glucose, high hemoglobin A1c, high triglyceride, and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels had a higher risk of high BP.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of high BP, along with cardiovascular risk factors, was substantial in Indian adolescents. There is a need to screen and identify adolescents who have high BP and initiate interventions to control the burden of hypertension and its consequences in India.

show abstract

“…Globally, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased between 1980 and 2014 [ 3 ], but at higher rates in LMICs [ 1 ]. The prevalence of childhood hypertension in Central India is reported to be 6.8–7.0% [ 4 ] rising to 9.5% in Chennai [ 5 ], compared to 4% globally. Furthermore, mortality occurs earlier in LMICs, with the number of years spent living with these conditions increasing [ 2 , 3 ], escalating the societal and individual health burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation signatures associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children from India and The Gambia: results from the EMPHASIS study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is rising globally, with environmentally induced epigenetic changes suggested to play a role. Few studies have investigated epigenetic associations with CMD risk factors in children from low- and middle-income countries. We sought to identify associations between DNA methylation (DNAm) and CMD risk factors in children from India and The Gambia. Results Using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 850 K Beadchip array, we interrogated DNAm in 293 Gambian (7–9 years) and 698 Indian (5–7 years) children. We identified differentially methylated CpGs (dmCpGs) associated with systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, triglycerides and LDL-Cholesterol in the Gambian children; and with insulin sensitivity, insulinogenic index and HDL-Cholesterol in the Indian children. There was no overlap of the dmCpGs between the cohorts. Meta-analysis identified dmCpGs associated with insulin secretion and pulse pressure that were different from cohort-specific dmCpGs. Several differentially methylated regions were associated with diastolic blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose, but these did not overlap with the dmCpGs. We identified significant cis-methQTLs at three LDL-Cholesterol-associated dmCpGs in Gambians; however, methylation did not mediate genotype effects on the CMD outcomes. Conclusion This study identified cardiometabolic biomarkers associated with differential DNAm in Indian and Gambian children. Most associations were cohort specific, potentially reflecting environmental and ethnic differences.

show abstract

Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in schoolchildren from Central India

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Children Attending Out Patient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Children Attending Out Patient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi

Prevalence of and Factors Associated With High Blood Pressure Among Adolescents in India

DNA methylation signatures associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children from India and The Gambia: results from the EMPHASIS study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About