Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in the Middle East region: a systematic review &amp; meta-analysis

Okati–Aliabad, Hassan; Ansari‐Moghaddam, Alireza; Kargar, Shiva; Mohammadi, Mahdi

doi:10.1038/s41371-021-00647-9

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…[ 4 ] Globally, the prevalence of HTN was 26.4% in Asia and 39% in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, while the prevalence rate in the Middle East region was 24.4% as reported by Okati-Aliabad et al . [ 23 24 ] A study from Iran of 8296 adults older than 35 years reported a higher rate (36.5%) and another study from UAE, Dubai with 2530 individuals reported a prevalence of 32.5%. [ 25 26 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This figure is lower than what was reported from AlKharj, Saudi Arabia (55%), from India (55%) but higher than the figures reported from Iran (12.2%), UAE (29.8%), and Middle-East region (28.6%). [ 24 26 27 28 ] The differences in the prevalence rates in these studies could be due to the methods of measuring HTN, sample sizes of studies in addition to prevalence of risk factors such as obesity, smoking, diabetes, salt intake, and sedentary life. In this regard, it was mandatory to follow up individuals with pre-HTN, assess them for other risk factors and manage them accordingly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypertension clinical pathway: Experience of Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

Assiri,

Al-Khaldi,

Kaabi

et al. 2024

Journal of Family and Community Medicine

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BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) is a common chronic health problem with many complications and high morbidity rates. This study aimed to describe the HTN pathway, to assess the performance of screening and registration programs, to explore the challenges and suggest solutions for those challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in primary care centers in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia, at the end of 2022. The study consisted of three parts namely: Screening for HTN, registration of known hypertensive patients and opinions of representatives of Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) on challenges to the implementation of HTN pathway and suggestions for overcoming these challenges. Three Google forms were developed by the investigators to achieve the objectives of this study. The first two forms were completed by doctors and nurses at each PHC and reviewed by the leader of HTN pathway, and the third form completed by a representative of each PHC. SPSS version 26 was used for data management and analysis. Chi-square test was used to determine association between categorical variables; binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the correlates of being hypertensive and having good control of HTN. RESULTS: A total of 159,243 individuals were screened for HTN, 55% of whom were females and 94% were Saudis. The prevalence of HTN was 13%; 70% were overweight or obese and 14% had diabetes. The total registered number of patients was 55,628; 50% had good HTN control. Major challenges were inadequate health coaches, care coordinators, laboratory and radiology facilities, lack of coordination with hospitals, and ineffective appointment system. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the current HTN pathway was successful with regard to screening and registration of patients with HTN. Many challenges need an executive plan with SMART objectives to optimize the care for HTN patients in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension clinical pathway: Experience of Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

Assiri,

Al-Khaldi,

Kaabi

et al. 2024

Journal of Family and Community Medicine

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“…No similar review studies conducted in the gulf region were found in the literature to compare with the results of the present review. However, two recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the prevalence of prehypertension in the Middle East and North Africa [29] and the Middle East region [30] revealed a pooled prevalence rates of 30.6% (95% CI 25.2-36.0%) and 28.6% (95% CI: 24.2-33.8%), respectively.…”

Section: Interpretations Limitations and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Prehypertension among Saudi Adults: A Narrative Review

Al-Kadi¹

2022

TOCMJ

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Background: Prehypertension is a pre-disease state wherein an individual has a blood pressure (BP) measurement above normal (≥120/80 mmHg) but below the hypertensive range (<140/90 mmHg). Large population-based studies have shown that individuals with a BP in the prehypertensive range have an increased risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular events. Despite these risks and high mortality rates associated with pre-hypertension, there are currently no reviews that define the prevalence of pre-hypertension in the Saudi population. Objective: To determine the magnitude of the pre-hypertension problem among Saudi adults and identify areas for future research based on the current gaps in the literature. Methods: This narrative review considers studies addressing the prevalence of pre-hypertension among Saudi adults; 8 studies were identified for this review. Results: In total, 14,782 men and women participated in these studies. The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension in both sexes ranged from 18.5-54.9%. Men had higher rates of pre-hypertension (24.7-66.1%) than women (7-48.1%).A modifiable risk factor reported in the majority of the studies was increased adiposity. Conclusion: Lifestyle changes to reduce weight may be effective in preventing or at least delaying the progression to hypertension and its associated cardiovascular events. Large, prospective, epidemiological studies are needed to estimate the risk of incident hypertension and cardiovascular events in pre-hypertension patients. Randomized clinical trials are also needed to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle modification and/or pharmacotherapy in reducing the risk of incident hypertension.

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“…The prevalence and burden of hypertension is highest in middle-income and low-income countries, with the majority of deaths associated with blood pressure reported from these regions [ 2 ]. In the Middle East region, the overall prevalence of hypertension across two decades (1999–2019) was 24.36%, with an increasing trend in the development of hypertension observed with advancing age [ 3 ]. The CEPHEUS study examined individuals with hypercholesterolemia receiving lipid lowering drugs across the Middle East (including Saudi Arabia) and found 66.6% of this population have hypertension [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2023 Guidelines on the Management of Hypertension

AlHabeeb¹,

Tash²,

Alshamiri³

et al. 2023

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

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Background Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease in Saudi Arabia with poor control rates. Updated guidelines are needed to guide the management of hypertension and improve treatment outcomes. Methodology A panel of experts representing the National Heart Center (NHC) and the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) reviewed existing evidence and formulated guidance relevant to the local population, clinical practice and the healthcare system. The recommendations were reviewed to ensure scientific and medical accuracy. Recommendations Hypertension was defined and a new classification was proposed as relevant to the Saudi population. Recommendations on diagnosis, clinical evaluation, cardiovascular assessment were detailed, along with guidance on measurement modalities and screening/follow-up. Non-pharmacological management is the first line of hypertension treatment. Pharmacological therapy should be used appropriately as needed. Treatment priority is to control blood pressure regardless of the drug class used. The choice of treatment should be tailored to the patient profile in order to achieve treatment targets and ensure patient compliance. Recommendations were provided on pharmacological options available in Saudi Arabia, as well as guidance on the treatment of special conditions. Conclusion Hypertension management should be based on appropriate screening, timely diagnosis and lifestyle changes supplemented with pharmacological therapy, as needed. Clinical management should be individualized, and careful consideration should be given to special conditions and patient groups.

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Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in the Middle East region: a systematic review & meta-analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 92 publications

Hypertension clinical pathway: Experience of Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

Hypertension clinical pathway: Experience of Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Prehypertension among Saudi Adults: A Narrative Review

National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2023 Guidelines on the Management of Hypertension

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