Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a sub-urban area of central Nepal

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONNon communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide afflicting more in developing countries. In 2012, of the total 56 million deaths worldwide, NCD accounted for more than 50% (i.e. 38 million deaths). Of these, more than 70% (28 million deaths) of NCD deaths occurred in low and middle income countries. 1It is interesting to note that, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) alone lead to 46.2% of NCD deaths followed by cancer, respiratory diseases and diabetes.2 Among cardiovascular diseases, the number of people with hypertension in developed countries is expected to increase by 24% from 333 million to 413 million while in developing countries by 80% from 639 million to 1.15 billion between 2000 and 2025. 3 This data depicts that almost three-quarters of the hypertensive population worldwide will be in developing countries by the year 2025 with the increment of global prevalence of hypertension by 9% in men and 13% in women between 2000 and 2015. 3 In Nepal, the scenario of hypertension is not different from other developing countries. ABSTRACTBackground: Burgeoning burden of non-communicable diseases (especially hypertension) along with communicable diseases has made the situation more worrying in an economically constraint countries like Nepal. Studies are therefore necessary to assess the actual burden of disease; however nominal studies have focused this situation especially in semi urban areas of Nepal. This study was therefore conducted with the main aim of assessing the prevalence of hypertension in suburban area of central Nepal and to find the associated risk factors. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a sub urban area of Changunarayan municipality of Nepal utilizing consecutive convenience sampling method. A total of 240 consenting participants aged ≥18 were enrolled in the study. Data was collected using questionnaire and measurements of blood pressure, waist/hip circumference, height and weight were taken. Chi square test was used to assess the strength of relationship between the categorical variables with p value taken significant at ≤0.05. Only values with significant association were used to obtain the Odds Ratios (OR) via binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was found to be 20.4% and 35.4% respectively. Further, study illustrates the significant association (p≤0.05) of age, gender, family type, presence of co-morbidities, smoking, alcohol intake habits, habit of adding salt, BMI and waist/hip ratio with hypertension. Conclusions: Results of high prevalence of hypertension and its association with several factors indicates the necessity for timely detection, treatment and control of hypertension using various strategies.

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors: A community-based cross-sectional study in a peri-urban community of Kathmandu, Nepal

“…Our study found comparatively high prevalence of CVD risk factors than that of the national representative estimate21, 37, 38 and the findings from a number of studies from similar settings in Nepal 16, 39, 40, 41…”

Determinants of hypertension among urban adult population in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu

“…This association was statistically significant (p value = <0.05) with an odds ratio of 1.5. Similar findings were seen in another study done by Shrestha et al 23 Metabolic factors like diabetes and obesity increase the risk of complications of hypertension like heart disease, stroke and renal failure. 8 In this study there was a statistical significant association between hypertension and BMI of more than 25 (p value = <0.05).…”

Prevalence and associated risk factor of hypertension among individuals of age 18-59 years in South-eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study

“…Most participants (47.4%) never added salt before or during eating food while 97.0% used to add salt while cooking foods. Only 5.8% of the participants always consumed processed food high in salt while 37.9% participants only sometimes Nepalese Heart Journal 2019; Vol 16(1), [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] consumed such food items.…”

“…Nepalese Heart Journal 2019; Vol 16(1), [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The early systemic HTN study in Nepal was done in early eighties by Mrigendra Samjhana Medical Trust. 7 The then used World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (160/95mmHg) were used to diagnose HTN.…”