Prevalence of Hypertension among Urban Slum Dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria

Daniel, Olusoji; Adejumo, Olusola Adedeji; Adejumo, Esther Ngozi; Owolabi, Rotimi Samuel; Braimoh, Rotimi Williams

doi:10.1007/s11524-013-9795-x

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…As in the present study, hypertension was associated with increasing age in previous studies conducted in Peru [13], India [39], Kenya [45] and Nigeria [43]; this association was not evaluated in the Bangladeshi population. This age-related trend with hypertension likely reflects the stiffening of blood vessels through ageing, although it could also reflect uncontrolled confounding by factors that are associated both with age and hypertension.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

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A community-based cluster randomized survey of noncommunicable disease and risk factors in a peri-urban shantytown in Lima, Peru

Heitzinger

Montano

Hawes

et al. 2014

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

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BackgroundAn estimated 863 million people–a third of the world’s urban population–live in slums, yet there is little information on the disease burden in these settings, particularly regarding chronic preventable diseases.MethodsFrom March to May 2012, we conducted a cluster randomized survey to estimate the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and associated risk factors in a peri-urban shantytown north of Lima, Peru. Field workers administered a questionnaire that included items from the WHO World Health Survey and the WHO STEPS survey of chronic disease risk factors. We used logistic regression to assess the associations of NCDs and related risk factors with age and gender. We accounted for sampling weights and the clustered sampling design using statistical survey methods.ResultsA total of 142 adults were surveyed and had a weighted mean age of 36 years (range 18–81). The most prevalent diseases were depression (12%) and chronic respiratory disease (8%), while lifetime prevalence of cancer, arthritis, myocardial infarction, and diabetes were all less than 5%. Fifteen percent of respondents were hypertensive and the majority (67%) was unaware of their condition. Being overweight or obese was common for both genders (53%), but abdominal obesity was more prevalent in women (54% vs. 10% in men, p < 0.001). Thirty-five percent of men binge drank and 34% reported current smoking; these behaviors were less common among women (4% binge drank, p < 0.001; 8% smoked, p = 0.002). Increasing age was associated with an increased risk of abdominal obesity (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.07, p = 0.02), hypertension (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.10, p = 0.006), arthritis (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.11, p < 0.001) and cancer (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.20, p < 0.001) in adjusted models. The prevalences of other NCDs and related risk factors were similar when stratified by age or gender.ConclusionsThis study underlines the important burden of noncommunicable disease in informal settlements in Peru and suggests that prevention and treatment interventions could be optimized according to age and gender.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Similar gender differences in hazardous drinking and tobacco use have been noted in non-Peruvian slum populations [37,39,43,45]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

A community-based cluster randomized survey of noncommunicable disease and risk factors in a peri-urban shantytown in Lima, Peru

Heitzinger

Montano

Hawes

et al. 2014

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

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“…50 Despite the fact that 1 billion of the world's population currently live under slum conditions or in other marginalized urban settlements in poorer countries, 51 research directly tying poor urban living conditions to hypertension in LMICs is still limited. [52][53][54][55] Studies from African cities, some of which may share urban and sociodemographic characteristics with Quibdó, have found an increase in blood pressure in urban compared with rural populations as a result of current urban residence and/or lifetime exposure to urban environments. 39,56,57 Most of these studies suggest that changes in well-established risk factors for hypertension, such as physical inactivity and stress, are involved in this increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Actors’ Frames of the Role of Living Conditions in Shaping Hypertension Risk and Disparities in a Colombian Municipality

2016

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Conditions in the social and physical environment influence population health and risk for CVD, including hypertension. These environmental conditions are influenced by the decisions of public officials, community leaders, and service providers. Examining the frames that local decision makers bring to understanding hypertension can provide important insights into the decisions that they make about strategies for addressing this problem in their jurisdiction. The goal of this study was to examine the frames that local decision makers in Quibdó, Colombia, bring to understanding hypertension risk, and in particular, whether and how they use frames that encompass associations between living conditions and hypertension risk. Data for this qualitative study were collected using a stratified sampling strategy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2012 with 13 local decision makers and analyzed using a framework approach. Participants linked the structural conditions experienced in Quibdó, including displacement, limited economic opportunities, and the infrastructure of the city, to hypertension risk through multiple pathways, including behavioral risk factors for hypertension and physiologic responses to stress. They described the social patterning of these factors across socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and gender hierarchies. Although several conditions associated with hypertension risk are widely distributed in the city's population, social processes of marginalization and stratification create additional disadvantages for those on the lower rungs of the social hierarchy.

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“…The prevalence of HTN in SSA ranges between 14.5% in rural Eritrea [2], 32.9% in semiurban Ghana [3], and 40.1% in urban South Africa [4]. Likewise, adequate blood pressure (BP) control has been on the decline, ranging between 1.7% in rural Ghana [3], 4% in urban slum dwellers in Nigeria [5], and 21.5% in urban Kenya [6]. In Cameroon, the prevalence of HTN spans from 5.7% in rural settings [7] through 21.9% in semiurban [8] to 47.5% in urban milieu [9], with a national average survey of 31.0% [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension, an Emerging Problem in Rural Cameroon: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Control

Arrey¹,

Dimala

Atashili

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hypertension

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Background. Despite the increasing trends suggesting that hypertension is a growing public health problem in developing countries, studies on its prevalence, associated risk factors, and extent of blood pressure control have been inequitably done in urban and rural communities in these countries. We therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and extent of blood pressure control in rural Cameroon. Methods. This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in rural Cameroon (the Moliwe Health Area). Participants aged 21 years and above were recruited by a probability proportional to size multistage sampling method, using systematic sampling for household selection and random sampling for participant selection. Blood pressure, weight, and height were measured by standard methods. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Results. The prevalence of hypertension among the 733 participants recruited was 31.1% (95% CI: 27.8–34.6) and 71% (95% CI: 58.7–81.7) of these hypertensive patients were newly diagnosed. Only 21.2% (95% CI: 12.1–33.3) of known hypertensives had a well controlled BP. Age, obesity, low educational status, and being married were associated with HTN after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions. The high prevalence of hypertension and inadequate BP control among known hypertensives in rural Cameroon warrants greater sensitization and regular screening to reduce hypertension-related morbidity and mortality.

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Prevalence of Hypertension among Urban Slum Dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

A community-based cluster randomized survey of noncommunicable disease and risk factors in a peri-urban shantytown in Lima, Peru

A community-based cluster randomized survey of noncommunicable disease and risk factors in a peri-urban shantytown in Lima, Peru

Local Actors’ Frames of the Role of Living Conditions in Shaping Hypertension Risk and Disparities in a Colombian Municipality

Hypertension, an Emerging Problem in Rural Cameroon: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Control

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