Prevalence of Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta from Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Heilongjiang Province, China

Abstract

Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta are globally widespread zoonotic cestodes. Rodents are the main reservoir host of these cestodes. Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are the best known and most common rats, and usually live wherever humans live, especially in less than desirable hygiene conditions. Due to the little information of the 2 hymenolepidid species in brown rats in China, the aim of this study was to understand the prevalence and genetic characterization of H. nana and H. diminuta in brown rats in Heilongjiang Province, China. Total 114 fecal samples were collected from brown rats in Heilongjiang Province. All the samples were subjected to morphological examinations by microscopy and genetic analysis by PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. In total, 6.1% (7/114) and 14.9% (17/114) of samples were positive for H. nana and H. diminuta, respectively. Among them, 7 and 3 H. nana isolates were successfully amplified and sequenced at the COX1 and ITS2 loci, respectively. No nucleotide variations were found among H. nana isolates at either of the 2 loci. Seventeen H. diminuta isolates produced 2 different COX1 sequences while 7 ITS2 sequences obtained were identical to each other. The present results of H. nana and H. diminuta infections in brown rats implied the risk of zoonotic transmission of hymenolepiasis in China. These molecular data will be helpful to deeply study intra-specific variations within Hymenolepis cestodes in the future.

Sarcoma indiferenciado espontâneo em Rattus norvegicus concomitante com parasitismo por Hymenolepis sp. – relato de caso / Spontaneous undifferentiated sarcoma in Rattus norvegicus concomitant with parasitism by Hymenolepis sp. – case report

“…Os parasitas do gênero Hymenolepis spp. (H. diminuta e H. nana) são endoparasitas intestinais de ratos e outros pequenos roedores (KAPCZUK et al, 2018), os quais já foram relatados em inúmeros países, assim como no Brasil (YANG et al, 2017). A prevalência encontrada por alguns autores foi de 8,8% de Wistars acometidas por H. nana (SIMÕES et al, 2014) Apesar dos humanos serem hospedeiros acidentais (KAPCZUK et al, 2018), o parasitismo provocado por Hymenolepis sp.…”

Presencia de Hymenolepis nana y diminuta en roedores de la ciudadela las Piñas, Milagro-Ecuador y su riesgo en salud pública

“…La prevalencia de Hymenolepis nana encontrada del 22.99 %, es mayor que la determinada en Costa Rica (0.97 %) (22) ; en Cuba (2.56 %) (23) ; en Perú (6.8 %) (17) ; en Brasil (8.8 %) (24) ; en Argentina (8.2 %) (19) . Así mismo, se determinan prevalencias bajas de H. nana en países de otros continentes como: en Irán el 2.5 % (25) , entre el 3.3 al 10.3 % en China; en Países bajos entre el 3.3 % al 4.1 % (26) ; pero se ha registrado prevalencias mayores en Taiwán 21.8 % (26) , Brasil 35.7 % (27) e Italia 100 % (26) . Cabe destacar que la región costera de Ecuador es una zona donde existe una temperatura ambiental alta y constante durante todo el año, debido a la presencia de dos estaciones anuales (inviernoverano), las cuales se caracterizan por el alto grado de humedad y presencia de lluvias moderadas a torrenciales en la primera estación, y escasez de lluvias y altas temperaturas ambientales respectivamente.…”

“…El 10.64 % de Himenolepis diminuta determinada es menor que la expresada en Cuba con el 11.5 % (23) , en Argentina con el 12.2 % (19) , en Perú entre el 25.7 y el 43.8 % (28) y en Costa Rica con el 43.68 % (22) . También, se determinó prevalencias bajas de H. diminuta en países de otros continentes como: Taiwán con 6.3 % (26) e Irán con 1.7 % (25) , en contraste con prevalencias por encima de la encontrada (10.64 %) en países como China (27.8 %) (26) , Irán (38.8 %) (25) , Países bajos (10.2 a 50 %), Serbia (30.5 %) e India (62.5 %) (26) .…”

Morphological, Molecular, and Pathological Appraisal ofHymenolepis nana(Hymenolepididae) Infecting Laboratory Mice (Mus musculus)

“…This rate is considerably similar to that reported in the Belgrade area of Serbia (37%; Kataranovski et al, 2010) and the Tarai region of Uttarakhand (40–44%; Sharma et al, 2013). Conversely, it is higher than that reported in Korea (5%), the Philippines (19%; Fedorko, 1999), Grenada (16%; Coomansingh et al, 2009), Dhaka (27%; Gofur et al, 2010), Addis Ababa (7–27%; Gudissa et al, 2011), the Tabriz of Iran (4%; Garedaghi & Khaki, 2014), the suburban area of Hamadan City of Western Iran (17%; Yoisefi et al, 2014), Italy (29%; D'Ovidio et al, 2015), and the Heilongjiang Province of China (6–15%; Yang et al, 2017). It is also lower than the infection rate reported in Manila (64%; Tubangui, 1931), Japan (53%; Perec-Matysiak et al, 2006), Shiraz of Southern Iran (67%; Tanideh et al, 2010), the City of Aracaju in the Sergipe State of Brazil (67%; Guimarães et al, 2014), and Ahvaz of South-West Iran (63%; Rahdar et al, 2017).…”