Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of tuberculosis patients at Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a 3 years retrospective study

Abstract

BackgroundEthiopia is one of the countries that are highly affected by dual epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). HIV infection is a known risk factor for the development of active TB and it challenges in diagnosis and treatment of TB. Thus, it is essential to determine the epidemiology of HIV infection among TB patients to guide clinical actions and inform the policy makers. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV infection among TB patients and to describe the associated risk factors for HIV seropositivity.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on TB registries at Metema Hospital directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) clinic. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of HIV seropositivity among TB patients. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsOf the total 2096 pateints, 2005 (95.7 %) were tested for HIV. The overall HIV–TB co-infection rate was 20.1 % (404), 12.3 % (246) in males and 7.9 % (158) in females. The highest proportion of co-infection rate was observed among the patients in the age group of 25–34 years (32.4 %) and smear negative pulmonary TB patients (59.7 %). A declining trend of HIV–TB co-infection was observed during the study period, from 22.1 % (185) in 2009/10 to 12.8 % (52) in 2011/12 (X2 = 17.07, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study found that HIV–TB co-infection is still high in the Metema area; and occurs more frequently in males than females, and among patients in age group of 25–34 years. Thus, concerted efforts and interventions methods that target these at risk groups are recommended.

Bayesian Modeling of Spatiotemporal patterns of TB-HIV co-infection risk in Kenya

“…Similarly, the co-infection risk was higher for the same age bracket, which implied that co-infection was more common in the sexually active age group. These findings were contrary to the findings by (32) and (29) who observed that high rates of TB-HIV co-infections were in younger patients (<15 years of age) but consistent to several other studies (30,(33)(34)(35)(36). The study also revealed that a larger proportion of the HIV co-infected cases had extra-pulmonary TB conforming to (37) and (34) who found that the risk of extrapulmonary TB was higher in HIV co-infected cases majorly because of delayed diagnosis especially for the sputum smear-negative…”

“…Ethiopia (30). Globally, Kenya registered 8% TB decline rate per year from 2013 to 2017 amongst other high TB burden countries including the Russian Federation (13%), Ethiopia (12%), Sierra Leone (10%)…”

Trends of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in Adigrat General Hospital, Eastern zone, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

“…This finding was supported by previous studies conducted in Amhara (27.7%) [26], in Ethiopia (29.4%) [27], & in Central Nigeria (36.3%) [28]. However, our findings were higher than studies conducted in the Debre Markos Referral Hospital (16.6%) [13], different studies across Ethiopia (20.3-24.2 %) [14,[29][30][31][32], and a WHO estimation for Ethiopia of 14% (9.6%-19%) [2]. Conversely, the findings were lower than studies conducted in the FelegeHiwot Referral Hospital and Debre Tabor Hospital (41.9%) [20], Zambia (98.3%) [33] & South Africa (>70%) [34].…”

Trends of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in Adigrat General Hospital, Eastern Zone of Tigrai, North Ethiopia

“…This nding was supported by previous studies conducted in Amhara (27.7%) [26], Gambella [46], in Ethiopia (29.4%) [27], and in Central Nigeria (36.3%) [28]. However, our ndings were higher than studies conducted in the Debre Markos Referral Hospital (16.6%) [13], different studies across Ethiopia (20.3-24.2 %) [14,[29][30][31][32], and a WHO estimation for Ethiopia of 14% (9.6%-19%) [2]. Conversely, the ndings were lower than studies conducted in the Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and Debre Tabor Hospital (41.9%) [20], Zambia (98.3%) [33], and South Africa (>70%) [34].…”