Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the National Chest Hospital in Jamaica

Akpaka, Patrick Eberechi; Tulloch-Reid, Mikael; Justiz-Vaillant, Angel; Smikle, Monica

doi:10.1590/s1020-49892006000100006

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Same findings but with lower rates were reported by Chum et al (13) in Tanzania, Kiwuwa et al in Uganda (l4) and Kuaban et al (15) in the Chest medicine tertiary hospital in_Yaounde-Cameroon. This was not the case in Jamaica where Akpaka et al (16) found that TB/HIV co-infection was more prevalent in males than females. This difference is probably due to the fact that in Africa, transmission of HIV infection is mainly heterosexual and women are more vulnerable whereas in Europe and the Americas, intravenous drug use and homosexual routes of transmission are the most common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Seroprevalence Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Tuberculosis Patients In The Nylon District Hospital Tuberculosis Treatment Centre

Sume

Etogo²,

Kabore³

et al. 2009

E Af Med Jrnl

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Cameroon is high with 32% of adult TB patients, all forms, co-infected with HIV. The Nylon District Hospital in Douala runs a centre for the diagnosis and treatment of TB since 2001 and a pioneer Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) management programme at district level since 2000. Objective: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection in TB patients from 2003 to 2006 and to analyse the pattern of TB/HIV co-infection rate over time. Design: A retrospective study. Setting: Nylon District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon. Results: The prevalence of HIV infection in TB patients was 51.6%. This was greater for patients living out of the Nylon Health District (P= 0.001). Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPT) was the most frequent (65%) form of TB diagnosed but extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) and smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPT) were more frequently associated with HIV co-infection (80% and 68.6% respectively). While men and women presented equally with TB, women (61.4%) were significantly (P< 0.0001) more TB/HIV co-infected than men (42%). The co-infection rate was highest among individuals aged 25-44 years (61.4%) and least among the 0-24 years age group (22.5%). The increase in TB/HIV co-infection rate is monotonic over time with a stronger trend among females aged 25-44 years (P= 0.037) and above 45 years (P= 0.001). Conclusion: The NDH selectively attracted HIV positive patients to adhere to their HIV programme. The creation of HIV / AIDS treatment units in institutions providing TB diagnosis and treatment services will reduce the movement of TB/HIV co-infected patients across provinces and health districts as well as enhancing TB/HIV co-infection diagnosis and notification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Seroprevalence Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Tuberculosis Patients In The Nylon District Hospital Tuberculosis Treatment Centre

Sume

Etogo²,

Kabore³

et al. 2009

E Af Med Jrnl

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“…Reports of similar studies in Nigeria found 12.0% in Ile-Ife [14], 10.0% in Kano [15], 10.5% and 14.9% among children and adults respectively in Sagamu [16,17], and 41.2% in Alushi [18]. Elsewhere, Akpaka et al [19] reported 11.6% TB and HIV co-infection in Jamaica. Also, 11.4% was found in Northwest Ethiopia [20], 55.5% in Western Kenya [9], 39.0% in Brazil [21] and 8.6% in India [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients Seeking Medical Care in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria

Egbe

Anthony²,

Chuku³

2016

SJPH

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Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a clinical and public health challenge inNigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in patients from five selected health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The HIV serostatus and the CD4+ count of seropositive individuals were also determined. Using a combination of Zhiel Neelsen staining and WHO approved GeneXpert MTB/Rif device for M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, the presence of M. tuberculosis in sputum samples was detected and confirmed. A total of 346 samples were analysed, out of which M. tuberculosis was detected in 91 (26.3%) samples and rifampicin resistance in 6 (6.6%) of the positive samples. HIV prevalence was found to be 46.8%, HIV and TB co-infection 39.6%, while 83.3% of the rifampicin resistance was from HIV positive cases. Tuberculosis was found to be decreasing with increase in CD4 count. Statistically, there was a significant relationship (P < 0.05), between level of education, HIV, CD4 count and TB occurrence. However, no significant relationship (P > 0.05) between gender, occupation and age with TB was observed. Our results show that tuberculosis still remains endemic in Nasarawa state with a high prevalence of HIV and that the confluence of HIV and tuberculosis increased the rate of rifampicin resistance. Provision of Tuberculosis diagnostics with the capacity to detect TB drug resistance beyond rifampicin is highly recommended.

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“…All patients had elevated ESR levels (Table 4). Among the patients with PTB co-infected with HIV, 54.17% of patient's CD4 count levels were more than 200 cells/mm 3 and 33.33% had in between 50 to 200 cells/mm 3 , whereas 12.5% had CD4 count less than 50 cells/cm 3 (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the early stage of HIV infection, clinical manifestations of TB are quite similar to that of HIV seronegative patients; however, at a later phase atypical features are common. 3 Most common symptoms of PTB are cough with expectoration and weight loss. Constitutional symptoms like fever, night sweats, generalised weakness, loss of appetite and other respiratory symptoms like chest pain, haemoptysis and breathlessness.…”

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confidence: 99%

Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Sputum Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Hiv Seropositive and Hiv Seronegative Patients- A Cross-Sectional Study

Kamat¹,

Hesarur²

2017

jebmh

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BACKGROUND The global impact of the converging dual epidemics of TB and HIV is one of the major public health challenges. The increasing rate of HIV infection in many countries has had an impact on TB epidemiology. As the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis is increasing among HIV seropositive patients with a wide range of immune status and clinical presentations, the present study was undertaken to assess the clinical and laboratory profile of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative patients.

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Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the National Chest Hospital in Jamaica

Abstract: The prevalence of HIV in patients with tuberculosis in Jamaica is similar to that in other developing countries, but the mortality rate is higher and this warrants prompt diagnosis of HIV infection and early institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Seroprevalence Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Tuberculosis Patients In The Nylon District Hospital Tuberculosis Treatment Centre

Seroprevalence Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Tuberculosis Patients In The Nylon District Hospital Tuberculosis Treatment Centre

Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients Seeking Medical Care in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria

Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Sputum Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Hiv Seropositive and Hiv Seronegative Patients- A Cross-Sectional Study

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