Prevalence of human alveolar echinococcosis in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang, Xuanzhuo; Dai, Guodong; Li, Min; Jia, Wan‐Zhong; Z, Guo; Lu, Jiahai

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08989-8

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The pooled prevalence of AE and CE were 2.34% (95% CI: 1.74–3.13%) and 4.45% (95% CI: 2.53–7.71%), respectively, in the included individuals. However, the prevalence of AE was significantly higher than that previously calculated in China (0.96%) ( 3 ). Since we aim at understanding the risk factors for AE and CE, several studies on prevalence were not included due to restrictions in the search terms (i.e., “risk factor”), which could partially explain the discrepancy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are the two most common forms of human echinococcosis and are caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis , respectively ( 1 ). Dogs are the usual definitive host of E. granulosus ( 2 ), whereas dogs and foxes are the main definitive hosts of E. multilocularis ( 3 ). Both are transmitted by the fecal-oral route through contact with infected definitive hosts or with food or water contaminated with E. granulosus or E. multilocularis eggs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors Associated With Echinococcosis in the General Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundEchinococcosis is a severe zoonotic disease that imposes a substantial burden on human life. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize available data on the prevalence of human echinococcosis and identify the key risk factors for echinococcosis in the Chinese general population.MethodsRelevant studies were comprehensively searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Information (VIP), Wanfang and SinoMed databases until August 22, 2020. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The I2 and Q statistics were calculated to evaluate the heterogeneity, and potential sources of heterogeneity were identified using sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plots and Egger's test.ResultsA total of 1026 studies were identified through the database search, of which 26 were eligible for this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of AE and CE were 2.88% and 5.66%, respectively. Ethnicity (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.81–4.75; I2 = 0), herdsman occupation (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.25–3.14; I2 = 8.0%), not washing hands before meals (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.34–4.28; I2 = 82.8%) and being female (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26–1.66; I2 = 33.9%) were risk factors for AE. The top five risk factors for CE were ethnicity (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.55–6.52; I2 = 79.2%), nomadism (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.65–4.47; I2 = 55.8%), drinking nonboiled water (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.36–4.47; I2 = 85.7), feeding viscera to dogs (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.89–2.91; I2 = 21.5%), and herdsman occupation (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.67–2.86; I2 = 85.1%).ConclusionsThis study generalized articles that have contributed to our current understanding of the epidemic of human echinococcosis (AE and CE) in China over the years. The results support that the ethnicity and dog-related factors are major risk factors for both CE and AE. The identification of echinococcosis risk factors may aid researchers and policymakers in improving surveillance and preventive measures aimed at reducing Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis infection in humans.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With Echinococcosis in the General Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Compared with cystic echinococcosis (CE), HAE is by far more severe in affected patients. Despite the marked healthcare improvements in the western agricultural and pastoral regions of China, and the rising national health examination rates, the early detection rates of HAE cases continue to rise at an alarming rate [ 21 , 22 ]. In the past, radical resection surgery was the first choice for patients with HAE [ 23 ]; however, with early diagnosis of lesions and the progress of treatment, choosing the treatment with less trauma and fewer complications can better reflect the humanistic care for the patients [ 24 – 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis: Predictive Biological Activity Based on Radiomics of MRI

Ren

Wang

Miao

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Background. To evaluate the role of radiomics based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the biological activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE). Methods. In this study, 90 active and 46 inactive cases of HAE patients were analyzed retrospectively. All the subjects underwent MRI and positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) before surgery. A total of 1409 three-dimensional radiomics features were extracted from the T2-weighted MR images (T2WI). The inactive group in the training cohort was balanced via the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) method. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used for feature selection. The machine learning (ML) classifiers were logistic regression (LR), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM). We used a fivefold cross-validation strategy in the training cohorts. The classification performance of the radiomics signature was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis in the training and test cohorts. Results. The radiomics features were significantly associated with the biological activity, and 10 features were selected to construct the radiomics model. The best performance of the radiomics model for the biological activity prediction was obtained by MLP ( AUC = 0.830 ± 0.053 ; accuracy = 0.817 ; sensitivity = 0.822 ; specificity = 0.811 ). Conclusions. We developed and validated a radiomics model as an adjunct tool to predict the HAE biological activity by combining T2WI images, which achieved results nearly equal to the PET-CT findings.

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“…AE is endemic in certain parts of the world, especially in Europe, Northern America, and Central Asia (Deplazes et al, 2017). A recent meta-analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence of AE in China was 0.96% (Wang et al, 2020). In China, the AE endemic area is restricted to the northwest region (Qian et al, 2017), for example, Qinghai province and Gansu province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Diagnosis of Human Alveolar Echinococcosis via Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis

Ban

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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Introduction: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a rare parasitic disease caused by the infection of Echinococcus multilocularis. AE may mimic malignancy both in clinical presentation and radiological imaging, which is often misdiagnosed as metastatic tumor. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are increasingly being used to address a diverse range of biological questions. Here, we describe a rare case of alveolar echinococcosis diagnosed by pan-pathogen screening, using next-generation sequencing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AE which was definitely diagnosed relying NGS of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Case Presentation: A 33-year-old man presented with repeat seizure and progressive headache for six months. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple masses with edema. Lung and abdominal computer tomography (CT) revealed multiple masses in bilateral lung, liver and the right adrenal gland. Bacterial, tuberculosis and fungal infection were excluded by CSF examination. Repeated target biopsy on the masses in the lung and liver showed as fibrous connective tissue without positive findings. NGS of CSF was performed and detected nucleic acid sequences of E. multilocularis. Consequently, the patient has accepted 1-year albendazole therapy. His case was followed up through imaging procedures.Conclusion: The next-generation sequencing of CSF is a reliable and sensitive diagnostic method for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms, and may allow the accurate diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. In view of this case, we recommend NGS as a potential tool for diagnosis of cerebral AE, especially if repeated biopsies are negative.

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Prevalence of human alveolar echinococcosis in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Risk Factors Associated With Echinococcosis in the General Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Risk Factors Associated With Echinococcosis in the General Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis: Predictive Biological Activity Based on Radiomics of MRI

Case Report: Diagnosis of Human Alveolar Echinococcosis via Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis

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