Prevalence of HPV infection among HIV‑positive and HIV‑negative women in Central/Eastern Italy: Strategies of prevention

Abstract

Abstract. The present cross-sectional-study aimed to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-genotypes among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and -negative women in Central/Eastern Italy, and to identify the optimal strategies for effective HPV-prevention in each group. A representative sample of HIV-negative (150/200) and -positive (50/200) women, who underwent cervico-vaginal-swabbing. Swabs were analysed for a cytological screening and for a HPV-DNA-genotyping-test. A total of 66/200 swabs resulted HPV-positive. The overall HPV-prevalence was 33% with a higher prevalence in the HIV-positive-group (48%) compared with the HIV-negative-group (28%). The most frequent genotypes were: 16, 31, 52, 58, 66, 73 and 89. Furthermore, the prevalence of specific genotypes was different in each group. The results of the present study indicate that HIV infection appears to be an independent risk factor for HPV-infection. In addition, HPV-infection is more common and more likely to persist in HIV-positive compared with in HIV-negative women. The optimal way to counteract HPV infection is through primary prevention. The stage of immunity (cluster of differentiation 4-level) at the time of the HPV-screening is one of the most important parameters for detection of susceptibility to HPV-infection and to evaluate the response to the HPV-vaccine in HIV-positive women. It may be used to determine the sub-group of HIV-positive women that are more prone to HPV-infections or that exhibit a partial response to the HPV-vaccine. At present, a novel type of vaccine with 9-genotypes is available and in the near future, it may serve an essential role in the prevention of HPV infections.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a Driven Factor of Human Papilloma Virus among Women: Evidence from a Cross-sectional Analysis in Yaoundé, Cameroon

“…Similar to our findings, the study by Tartaglia E. et al also supports HIVstatus as the main independent factor associated with risk of HPV infection among women, likely due to immunodeficiency. In other words, following multivariate analysis, none of the other parameters (except CD4 which is strongly related to the HIV condition) were found to be significantly associated with HPV infection (36).…”

“…The mean age was 37 years ±3 years, similar between HIV-seropositive women (36.7 years) as compared to HIVseronegative women (37.3 years). The most represented age range was [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] years (44%). Single women were the most represented (58.88%), followed by married women (28.97%), widows (9.34%), and divorced (2.80%).…”

Protease inhibitor effects on prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and human papillomavirus‐related lesions

“…Our study showed that 18.2% of the women had HPV‐related lesions and 35.21% were cervical HPV‐DNA positive, which is lower than that reported in other studies. Tartaglia et al ., in a cross‐sectional study with 200 HIV+ and HIV‐women, showed that overall HPV‐prevalence was 33% with a higher prevalence (48%) in the HIV‐positive group. Badial et al .…”

Seroprevalence and Co-Infection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes Among HIV Positives

“…Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA-virus responsible for the most widespread Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) in the world (Nyasenu et al, 2019;Tartaglia et al, 2017). HPVs are subdivided into low and high risk according to their oncogenic potential.…”

“…HPVs are subdivided into low and high risk according to their oncogenic potential. High-risk oncogenic HPVs are often associated with a high-grade Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL) and cervical malignancies (Tartaglia et al, 2017). The relationship between cervical cancer and HPV infection is well established in the literature, with HPV detection in almost 100% of cases (Kobayashi et al, 2018).…”