Prevalence of HIV type 1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-naïve and experienced patients from resource-limited settings with universal access to antiretroviral therapy: a survey in two small Brazilian cities

Eyer-Silva, Walter de Araújo; Couto-Fernandez, José Carlos; Jesus, Carlos Silva de; Morgado, Mariza G.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762008000200004

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These rates were lower than the 6% rate for anti-HBsAg antibody co-infection and the 31% rate for anti-HCV antibody co-infection with HIV, which are the median results for São Paulo city and some cities from different regions of the country (Mendes-Correa et al 2000, Segurado et al 2004, Tovo et al 2006. Although very few data exist on the prevalence of HIV or HIV-hepatitis virus co-infection in small and medium-sized cities (Eyer- Silva et al 2008), it is possible that the number of intravenous injecting drug users, a key risk factor for HIV-hepatitis co-infection, is lower in our region than in large urban centres, thus explaining in part our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV co-infection in selected individuals from state of São Paulo, Brazil

Filho¹,

Nascimento²,

Tannouri³

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV co-infection in selected individuals from state of São Paulo, Brazil

Filho¹,

Nascimento²,

Tannouri³

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…This information fills a gap about the level F/28B -L10I, A71T L210W -AZT, d4T --FJ594182 MSM/2007 M/26/B -Q58E, I85V --TPV --FJ594183 MSM/2008 M/31/B M46I, L90M L33I --FPV, of primary resistance in this geographic region of the country and contrasts with mostly lower levels of resistance reported in other areas. 23,2,[24][25][26][27][28][29] Brazil is a continental country where recent reports from the northeast and southeast regions have shown very high levels of primary drug resistance. 30,31 These studies together with ours indicate Brazilian areas with higher prevalence rates of primary drug resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 pol phylogenetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment naïve patients from Central West Brazil

Cardoso

Queiroz²,

Stefani

2009

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…who.int/drugresistance/hivaids/network/en/index.html). Brazil has many studies on HIV-1 subtypes and primary drug resistance from different areas in the country, and most of the recent ones suggest low rates of primary drug resistance, varying from 1.4-8.3% (Brindeiro et al 2003, Barreto et al 2006, De Medeiros et al 2006, Rodrigues et al 2006, Brigido et al 2007, Sá-Ferreira et al 2007, Eyer-Silva et al 2008. A study performed in Santos has reported the highest drug resistance rates in the country, with 37% among recent infections and 25% among chronic cases (Sucupira et al 2007).…”

Section: Regions Of the Hiv-1 Polymerase (N = 57) And Envelope (N =mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections

Ferreira

Thomaz

Rodrigues

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The Research Capacity ProgramAs in many areas of Brazil, the AIDS epidemic in Curitiba is relatively stable, but surveillance is important to support public policy. The molecular characteristics of HIV may be instrumental for monitoring epidemic trends. We evaluated plasma HIV-1 RNA (n = 37) from 38 cases presenting with positive serology, who were among 820 consenting volunteers visiting the downtown counselling and serology testing centre. Seroprevalence was 4.6% 3) and the estimated HIV incidence, as defined by the BED assay, was 2.86 persons/years ). An additional set of contemporaneous, anonymous samples from a local laboratory was also analysed (n = 20) . Regions of the HIV-1 polymerase (n = 57) and envelope (n = 34) were evaluated for subtyping, determination of mosaic structure, primary drug resistance mutations (pDRM), envelope V3 loop motifs and amino acid signatures related to viral tropism. HIV-1 clade B was observed in 53% of cases; HIV-1C in 30% and BC mosaics in 14%, with one F genome and one CF mosaic. Clade C infection was associated with recent infections among males (p < 0.03). Stanford surveillance pDRM was observed in 8.8% of sequences, with 7% showing high level resistance to at least one antiretroviral drug. Tropism for CXCR4 co-receptor was predicted in 18% of envelope sequences, which were exclusively among clade B genomes and cases with serological reactivity to chronic infection.Key words: epidemiology -antiretroviral resistance -genetic diversity -HIV-1 -tropism -BrazilUnderstanding the local HIV-1 epidemic will not only support the regional response, but it may also provide information to nationwide efforts in the fight against AIDS. The variability of HIV-1 has been an obstacle to treatment and to the development of prevention innovations such as vaccines. HIV-1 clusters phylogenetically into distinct clades (subtypes), a fact that has helped to unravel the molecular characteristics of the epidemic. In some regions, differential distribution of HIV-1 clades has been documented (Van Harmelen et al. 1997, Tovanabutra 2001, Rios et al. 2005, Ryan et al. 2007) and phylogeny may indicate the source(s) of incoming variants (Sarker 2008). Worldwide, clade C is responsible for about half of the epidemic, whereas clade B is the major variant in industrialised nations (Hemelaar et al. 2006). HIV variability may influence the performance of laboratory tools for diagnostic, monitoring and surveillance (Koch et al. 2001 (Baeten et al. 2007, Kaleebu 2007 and transmission potential (Yang et al. 2003, John-Stewart et al. 2005 have been associated to distinct HIV clades, but the actual impact of genetic diversity in HIV disease still remains uncertain (Stebbing & Moyle 2003, Hemelaar et al. 2006, Tebit et al. 2007). However, some characteristics of HIV, such as tropism to either CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors, seem to be associated with a distinct pattern of disease progression (Shepherd et al. 2008). Another relevant issue is the identification of primary drug resistance mutations (pDRM) among untreate...

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Prevalence of HIV type 1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-naïve and experienced patients from resource-limited settings with universal access to antiretroviral therapy: a survey in two small Brazilian cities

Abstract: Concerns have been raised that universal availability of antiretroviral agents in resource-

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV co-infection in selected individuals from state of São Paulo, Brazil

Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV co-infection in selected individuals from state of São Paulo, Brazil

HIV-1 pol phylogenetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment naïve patients from Central West Brazil

Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections

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