Prevalence of HIV seropositivity among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva

Osahon, AI; Ukponmwan, CU; Uhunmwangho, Odarosa M

doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60015-4

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The results were in keeping with a lower age at presentation and lack of male preponderance that has been demonstrated in other settings of high HIV infection prevalence [ 5 , 13 ]. In this research the HIV positivity rate was 98.8 % in those patients who were tested.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of the radiotherapy management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a high HIV prevalence setting- a retrospective review

Ndlovu

Ndarukwa

Kadzatsa

et al. 2016

Infect Agents Cancer

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BackgroundThis article evaluates a single institute’s radiotherapy management of OSSN, a previously regarded as rare malignancy, for possible future development of strategies to clearly define the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in improving treatment outcomes.Materials and methodsA retrospective review of 153 patients treated from January 2003 to December 2009.ResultsThere was no difference in OSSN prevalence by gender (male to female ratio 1.07). Of 80/153 patients tested 79 (98.8 %) were HIV positive. Most patients (62.9 %) had prior orbital exenteration. Moderately and poorly differentiated grade (82.3 %) was associated with significantly higher stage and incidence of positive regional lymph nodes. External beam therapy dose mostly used was 60Gy in 30 fractions at 200 cGy per fraction in 5 fractions per week (34.8 %). 90Strontium therapy was given to 13.5 % (60Gy in 6 fractions at 10Gy per fraction weekly). Favourable response (complete and partial) was seen in about 80 % of patients associated with higher total doses. Regional lymph node positivity was associated with poorer outcome.ConclusionAdjuvant radiotherapy could have an important role in the management of patients presenting with locally advanced OSSN who are mostly HIV positive in developing countries. Prospective studies to evaluate the role of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in the management of OSSN in these settings are warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of the radiotherapy management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a high HIV prevalence setting- a retrospective review

Ndlovu

Ndarukwa

Kadzatsa

et al. 2016

Infect Agents Cancer

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“…Some studies[2930] found HIV seropositivity in patients with SCC to be 75%. However, in this study, HIV positivity among patients with conjunctival SCC was 54.6%, and the Fischer's test demonstrates a statistically significant association between HIV positivity and SCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathologic presentation of malignant orbito-ocular tumors in Kano, Nigeria: A prospective multicenter study

2019

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Background: Malignant orbito-ocular tumors are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. Their presentation, morphologic type, and management are challenging, and earlier reports were mostly retrospective surveys. Histological analysis is essential in making correct diagnosis. Here, we determined the clinical presentations and histopathologic types of orbito-ocular tumors in some tertiary hospitals in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional multicenter clinical and pathologic study conducted between June 2012 and May 2013. A structured pro forma was used to record findings, patient's biodata, clinical presentation, type of surgical intervention, and histological diagnosis. Data were analyzed with STATA version 11.0. Results: Sixty-seven eye tumors were observed among 61 patients. There were 43 males and 18 females (male-to-female ratio = 2.4:1). Patients had a mean of 13.4 ± 18.3 with a median of 4.0 (0.5–70) years with a double peak in age distribution. The most common features were visual loss (90.2%), leukocoria (59%), proptosis (55%), and fungating mass (49.2%). The symptoms were for ≥6 months in 57.4% and unilateral in 82.1%. B-scan showed retinal masses and calcifications in 13.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Confirmation by histology was achieved in 91% with the most common tumor being retinoblastoma, conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and rhabdomyosarcoma with frequencies of 38 (56.6%), 11 (16.4%), and 6 (9.0%), respectively. Six patients were HIV positive and all had SCC. Conclusions: Retinoblastoma was the most common malignant orbito-ocular tumor observed in this study. Patients often present late to the hospital with visual loss.

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“… 5 , 7 – 12 , 14 , 15 , 30 In Africa, OSSN has been reported as the first presenting sign of HIV/AIDS in 50%–86% cases. 8 – 12 , 31 This trend is now well documented in many African countries, and with increasing migration it is appreciated in other developing and developed countries as well. In studies from India by Kaliki et al and Kamal et al, HIV positivity was noticed in 38%–41% of diagnosed OSSN patients, of which 70% were unaware of their status prior to screening.…”

Section: Incidence and Risk Of Ossn With Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“… 7 , 11 , 12 , 39 , 41 , 42 The mean age at presentation of OSSN in people with HIV/AIDS in various studies is approximately 35–41 years. 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 32 , 39 – 41 In developed countries, patients with OSSN have a different disease profile and continue to present in elderly in both the general population 36 , 38 , 43 , 44 and in HIV-infected individuals. 6 …”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies from Africa have reported a striking feature of either a female preponderance 7 , 10 , 14 , 39 , 41 , 45 or no sex difference 3 in HIV-positive OSSN patients, while others have noted dominance by elderly males. 8 , 15 , 45 This predilection may result from the presence of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, high HPV exposure, and solar radiation in the region. 45 In developed countries, males are more commonly affected than females in the general population, 36 , 38 , 43 , 44 as well as in people with HIV.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in HIV-infected patients: current perspectives

Rathi¹,

Kapoor²,

Kaliki³

2018

HIV

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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) refers to a spectrum of conjunctival and corneal epithelial tumors including dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. In this article, we discuss the current perspectives of OSSN associated with HIV infection, focusing mainly on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of these tumors in patients with HIV. Upsurge in the incidence of OSSN with the HIV pandemic most severely affected sub-Saharan Africa, due to associated risk factors, such as human papilloma virus and solar ultraviolet exposure. OSSN has been reported as the first presenting sign of HIV/AIDS in 26%–86% cases, and seropositivity is noted in 38%–92% OSSN patients. Mean age at presentation of OSSN has dropped to the third to fourth decade in HIV-positive patients in developing countries. HIV-infected patients reveal large aggressive tumors, higher-grade malignancy, higher incidence of corneal, scleral, and orbital invasion, advanced-stage T4 tumors, higher need for extended enucleation/exenteration, and increased risk of tumor recurrence. Current management of OSSN in HIV-positive individuals is based on standard treatment guidelines described for OSSN in the general population, as there is little information available about various treatment modalities or their outcomes in patients with HIV. OSSN can occur at any time in the disease course of HIV/AIDS, and no significant trend has been discovered between CD4 count and grade of OSSN. Furthermore, the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on OSSN is controversial. The current recommendation is to conduct HIV screening in all cases presenting with OSSN to rule out undiagnosed HIV infection. Patient counseling is crucial, with emphasis on regular follow-up to address high recurrence rates and early presentation to an ophthalmologist for of any symptoms in the unaffected eye. Effective evidence-based interventions are needed to allow early diagnosis and treatment, as well as prevention of the disease.

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Prevalence of HIV seropositivity among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of the radiotherapy management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a high HIV prevalence setting- a retrospective review

Evaluation of the radiotherapy management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a high HIV prevalence setting- a retrospective review

Clinicopathologic presentation of malignant orbito-ocular tumors in Kano, Nigeria: A prospective multicenter study

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in HIV-infected patients: current perspectives

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