Prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women of the central Sudan

Gassmelseed, Dar Elgalal A.; Nasr, Abubakr M.; Homeida, Susan M.; Elsheikh, Mohammed Abdalla; Adam, Ishag

doi:10.1002/jmv.20694

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Yet for ethical reasons, we could not investigate HIV among these women. Previously, we have shown that pregnant women in central Sudan had low HIV prevalence and they were poor uptakes for HIV testing and counseling [19,20]. In summary, this study revealed high prevalence of anemia especially the severe form in this setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Zinc, Parity, Infection, and Severe Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Kassla, Eastern Sudan

Mohamed

Ali

Ali³

et al. 2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The study was conducted to investigate determinants (clinical, nutritional, and nonnutritional factors) of anemia among pregnant women in Kassala, eastern Sudan. Sociodemographic characteristics were gathered; serum ferritin, zinc, albumin, and C-reactive protein were measured using different laboratory methods in a cross-sectional study of 250 pregnant women. Of the 250 women, 58.4% had anemia (hemoglobin (HB) <11 g/dl), 6.8% had severe anemia (HB < 7 g/dl), 19.6% had iron deficiency (S-ferritin <15 µg/l), 14.8% had iron deficiency anemia (<11 g/dl and S-ferritin <15 µg/l), and 38% had zinc deficiency (<80 µg/ml). S-albumin, zinc, and ferritin were significantly lower in patients with severe anemia. While age, gestational age, ferritin, and C-reactive protein were not predictors for anemia, primigravidae (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1-6.7, P = 0.02), low S-albumin (OR = 5.9, 95% CI = 1.4-25.2, P = 0.01), and low S-zinc (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.0-6.6, P = 0.03) were the predictors for anemia. While there was no significant correlation between hemoglobin, S-zinc, and S-ferritin, there was a significant positive correlation between hemoglobin and S-albumin (r = 0.308, P = 0.001) and significant inverse correlation between hemoglobin and C-reactive protein (r = 0.169, P = 0.007). Thus, the role of chronic inflammation and zinc as possible contributing factors to anemia in pregnancy has important implications for the clinical evaluation and treatment of these women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Zinc, Parity, Infection, and Severe Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Kassla, Eastern Sudan

Mohamed

Ali

Ali³

et al. 2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…As evidenced by overlapping 95% confidence intervals, our reported HIV prevalence rate is not dissimilar from other previously reported estimates [3,6]. Kassala state records indicate that PMTCT services were accessed by 2403 pregnant women during 2009 and that HIV prevalence among a subset of this group, which underwent PICT, was 1.02% (10/983) [95% CI 0.49-1.86%] [3].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

“…Kassala state records indicate that PMTCT services were accessed by 2403 pregnant women during 2009 and that HIV prevalence among a subset of this group, which underwent PICT, was 1.02% (10/983) [95% CI 0.49-1.86%] [3]. Gassmelseed et al adopted HIV testing strategy that sought informed consent from pregnant women in a major hospital in central Sudan and reported a prevalence rate of 0.98% (3/305) [95% CI 0.2-2.85%] [6]. However, data obtained by Kassala state's PICT and Gassmelseed et al suffered high refusal rates for HIV testing of 59% (1420/2403) and 73% (833/1138), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seroprevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women in eastern Sudan

Mohammed

Babiker

Ali

et al. 2011

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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We conducted a cross-sectional survey to determine the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women attending a major hospital in Kassala state, eastern Sudan. Unlinked anonymous testing of residual blood specimens, which were originally collected for other routine clinical purposes, was performed using rapid immunochromatographic assays. In total, 430 residual blood specimens were consecutively collected over a 6-week period (April-May 2010). Specimens from the antenatal clinic (ANC) constituted 50.7% (218/430) of the total whereas specimens from the labour ward accounted for the remaining 49.3% (212/430). The median age of pregnant women was 29 years (range 16-40). The prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 0.23% (1/430) [95% confidence interval=0.01-1.29%]. The only reactive specimen came from a 20-year-old ANC attendee. We report low HIV prevalence among pregnant women in eastern Sudan but further research is needed to confirm our findings. An integrated framework to diagnose and treat maternal HIV infection should be developed in order to prevent transmission to infants.

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“…Diseases such as HIV/AIDS, transmitted largely through human-to-human contact, do not respect national boundaries. Around 1% of pregnant Sudanese women were reported to have HIV [Gassmelseed et al, 2006]. Prevention of mother to child transmission project was established in February 2005 in five hospitals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and attitude toward HIV voluntary counseling and testing services among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Sudan

Mahmoud

Nasr

Gassmelseed

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are increasing at an alarming rate especially in the sub-Saharan region. Pregnant women susceptible to HIV and its transmission to the fetus provide a unique opportunity for implementing preventive strategy against HIV infection of newborn babies. During the period of August-December 2005 a cross-sectional study was conducted at the Fath-Elrahman Elbashir antenatal clinic, Khartoum Teaching Hospital, to investigate pregnant women's basic knowledge and attitude toward HIV and mother to child transmission as well as voluntary counseling and testing. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were given to antenatal attendants by professional counselors. Their basic socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics were obtained. Respondents' knowledge about HIV and mother to child transmission were tested. In addition, their willingness toward HIV testing was also reported. Out of the 1,005 women investigated, 79% had basic knowledge about HIV. Those who were resident in Khartoum and whose age was > or =26.1 years and their education level was secondary and above were found to be more knowledgeable about HIV. More than half of respondents were aware of mother to child transmission. Older (> or =26.1 years), educated, and working mothers were found to be more knowledgeable about mother to child transmission. Willingness to undergo the test was demonstrated in 72.8% of respondents. However, only 30.3% had the test done. Older women, primigravidae, and Muslims have higher acceptance of voluntary counseling and testing. There is a need to extend the voluntary counseling and testing program in all antenatal clinics. In addition, there is a need to increase the level of education and raise health awareness about HIV and mother to child transmission.

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Prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women of the central Sudan

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Zinc, Parity, Infection, and Severe Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Kassla, Eastern Sudan

Zinc, Parity, Infection, and Severe Anemia Among Pregnant Women in Kassla, Eastern Sudan

Seroprevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women in eastern Sudan

Knowledge and attitude toward HIV voluntary counseling and testing services among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Sudan

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