Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C and associated risk behaviours amongst injecting drug users in three Afghan cities

Nasir, Abdul; Todd, Catherine S.; Stanekzai, Mohammad Raza; Bautista, Christian T.; Botros, B. A. M.; Scott, Paul T.; Strathdee, Steffanie A.; Tjaden, Jeffrey

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.10.006

Cited by 36 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[16] Women stand out as for schooling by graduating high school complete (62.2%), while in other groups of women predominates elementary school complete or in progress. [11,17,18] However, the schooling of women sex workers not influenced (p = 0.476) in knowledge about HIV/AIds, but there was a significant difference in the average percentage of hit by dimensions (p < 0.001). such findings suggest a single vulnerability of women sex workers to HIV, referring to gaps relating to sTd and aids programs; socioeconomic, political and cultural profile; degree of awareness and knowledge about HIV/AIds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Knowledge Of Women Sex Workers About HIV/AIDS

et al. 2016

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Objective: Analyze the knowledge of female sex workers about HIV/ AIds, whereas the variables age, education, monthly income, professional practice and participation in educational activities.Methods: Exploratory and quantitative study, conducted with 90 women sex workers, from May to september 2014, through a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic information and a test of knowledge about HIV/AIds with 66 items as the forms of contagion and prevention, physiological and behavioral attributes of aids (d3); that HIV causes symptoms in humans (d4); treatment of aids (d5). Friedman's test was held, Λ of Wilk and Wald (p < 0.05), in addition to the cutting point and percentages observed and expected through the T score, being considered low knowledge with score less than 60 hit points. Results:The women had an average age 23.7 years; 84.4% (76) and 62.2% (56) amount to the level of education above the high school. Knowledge in the d3, d4 and d5 dimensions feature significantly different hit percentage (p < 0.001). d3 showed lower percentage (53.8%) hit and d5 (70.8%). The T score revealed a discrepancy between the percentage of women's knowledge about the observed and expected. There was no influence of schooling in relation to knowledge about HIV (p = 0.476) and the professional exercise, age, marital status, income and participation in educational activities (p > 0.05). The knowledge presented significant difference in the average percentage of hit by d3, d4 and d5 dimensions (p < 0.001). Conclusions:The low knowledge of women may indicate vulnerability to infection by HIV, which reinforces the need for implementation of new strategies for prevention of virus in this social group which features odd conditions of risk to HIV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Knowledge Of Women Sex Workers About HIV/AIDS

et al. 2016

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“…The diverse HIV epidemic dynamics within Afghanistan provides an example of this threshold phenomenon (Table 3). HCV prevalence among PWID in Jalalabad and Mazar-i-Sharif (10–26%) is below the predicted sustainability threshold for HIV, and indeed HIV prevalence in these two cities has not exceeded 1% [45–47]. In Kabul however, where HCV prevalence at 28–37% is over the predicted sustainability threshold for HIV, but below the predicted concentration threshold for HIV, HIV prevalence, as expected, is in the range of 2–3% [45–47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV prevalence can predict HIV epidemic potential among people who inject drugs: mathematical modeling analysis

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are both transmitted through percutaneous exposures among people who inject drugs (PWID). Ecological analyses on global epidemiological data have identified a positive association between HCV and HIV prevalence among PWID. Our objective was to demonstrate how HCV prevalence can be used to predict HIV epidemic potential among PWID.MethodsTwo population-level models were constructed to simulate the evolution of HCV and HIV epidemics among PWID. The models described HCV and HIV parenteral transmission, and were solved both deterministically and stochastically.ResultsThe modeling results provided a good fit to the epidemiological data describing the ecological HCV and HIV association among PWID. HCV was estimated to be eight times more transmissible per shared injection than HIV. A threshold HCV prevalence of 29.0% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 20.7-39.8) and 46.5% (95% UI: 37.6-56.6) were identified for a sustainable HIV epidemic (HIV prevalence >1%) and concentrated HIV epidemic (HIV prevalence >5%), respectively. The association between HCV and HIV was further described with six dynamical regimes depicting the overlapping epidemiology of the two infections, and was quantified using defined and estimated measures of association. Modeling predictions across a wide range of HCV prevalence indicated overall acceptable precision in predicting HIV prevalence at endemic equilibrium. Modeling predictions were found to be robust with respect to stochasticity and behavioral and biological parameter uncertainty. In an illustrative application of the methodology, the modeling predictions of endemic HIV prevalence in Iran agreed with the scale and time course of the HIV epidemic in this country.ConclusionsOur results show that HCV prevalence can be used as a proxy biomarker of HIV epidemic potential among PWID, and that the scale and evolution of HIV epidemic expansion can be predicted with sufficient precision to inform HIV policy, programming, and resource allocation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3887-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…A meta-analysis estimates the prevalence of 1.9% for HBV and 1.1% for HCV in general population [25]. The proportion of HBV in IDUs ranged from 5.8-6.5%, with an overall prevalence of 6.15% while the prevalence of HCV in same population was 36.4 % [26]. In addition the prevalence of HCV and HBV in Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in three big cities in the country was 1.92%, and 6.54% respectively [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV Infections Among Adult Citizens in Kandahar City, Afghanistan

Saeed¹

2017

IOSRPHR

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-Background:Blood borne diseases including viral hepatitis are important public health challenges worldwide. There is a notable dearth of data about Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and HIV prevalence in Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV infections among adult populations in Kandahar city, Afghanistan. Methods and Materials:A total of 1165 adult citizens in Kandahar city were included in the study using a cross-sectional design in October-November 2015. Data on demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were collected using WHO STEP wise approach. Rapid tests were conducted to identify the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections. Statistical analysis performed Using SPSS v.20. Results: Of total records, females constituted almost half 597 (51.2%) with overall mean age of 38.3±11.2 years. The prevalence of HBV was 2% (22 out of 1153) for HBsAg on rapid test and 12 subject (1%) were seropositive for anti-HCV on rapid tests. None of subjects had co-infections. None of specimen were positive for HIV infection showed zero prevalence. Proportion of married groups was 79.3%, illiteracy rate was 73.2% and 88.5% of women were at home doing housework (housewives). About one tenth (9.7%) were smokers and 16.3% were snuffers. There was no statistical association of studied factors with HBV and HCV. Conclusion: The study found low prevalence of HBV and HCV in adult citizens in Kandahar city. Public awareness and health education regarding risk factors for viral hepatitis and encouragement for vaccination is recommended. More focus is needed to be given to high risk groups due their vulnerability to diseases.

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Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C and associated risk behaviours amongst injecting drug users in three Afghan cities

Abstract: Whilst HIV prevalence is low, HCV prevalence and high risk behaviours were common in these populations. Regional variations should be considered in programming to prevent transmission of HIV and viral hepatitis amongst IDUs in Afghanistan.

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Knowledge Of Women Sex Workers About HIV/AIDS

Knowledge Of Women Sex Workers About HIV/AIDS

HCV prevalence can predict HIV epidemic potential among people who inject drugs: mathematical modeling analysis

Burden of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV Infections Among Adult Citizens in Kandahar City, Afghanistan

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