Prevalence of HIV-1 infection in rural, semi-urban and urban villages in southwest Tanzania

Söderberg, Stefan; Temihango, Willis; Kadete, Charles; Ekstedt, Bertil; Masawe, A. E. J.; Vahlne, Anders; Horal, Peter

doi:10.1097/00002030-199407000-00015

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This is echoed in research from elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa examining geographic differences in HIV infection rates. For example, numerous surveillance sites have reported four to six fold variations in HIV prevalence within the same local area (Barongo et al, 1992;Bloom et al, 2002;Boerma et al, 1999;Killewo et al, 1994;Kipp et al, 1995;Soderberg et al, 1994). This pattern captures disparities between low prevalence isolated rural areas and higher prevalence more accessible trading centres.…”

Section: Insert Table 4 Here Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is social capital associated with HIV risk in rural South Africa?

Pronyk

Harpham

Morison

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

118

113

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Section: Insert Table 4 Here Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is social capital associated with HIV risk in rural South Africa?

Pronyk

Harpham

Morison

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

118

113

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“…4 5 A similar differential has been observed within exclusively rural areas of east Africa: higher rates of HIV have been detected among residents of villages proximate to roads and trading centres when compared with people living in places more remote from these centres of social and economic activity. [6][7][8][9][10] This study investigates the impact of four community attributes-level of social/economic activity, availability of bar workers, population mobility, and distance to the nearest town-on the risk of HIV infection in Kisesa, a rural ward in the Mwanza region of northern Tanzania. The association of these factors to the prevalence and incidence of HIV is studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Community effects on the risk of HIV infection in rural Tanzania

Bloom

Urassa²,

Isingo³

et al. 2002

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objectives: To investigate the effect of community characteristics on HIV prevalence and incidence. Methods: Data from an open cohort study with demographic surveillance, epidemiological surveys, and qualitative research were used to examine the association between individual and community risk factors with HIV prevalence in 1994-5 and incidence between 1994-5 and 1996-7 among men (n=2271) and women (n=2752) living in a rural area in northwest Tanzania. Using subvillages as the unit of analysis, community factors investigated were level of social and economic activity, ratio of bar workers per male population aged 18-59, level of community mobility, and distance to the nearest town. Logistic and Cox regression models were estimated to assess community effects, controlling for multiple individual factors. Results: All four community factors had strong effects on HIV transmission. Men who lived in subvillages with the highest level of social and economic activity had an odds of being HIV positive that was about five times higher (OR=4.71, 95% CI=2.89 to 6.71) than those in places with low levels of activity; women in these subvillages had an odds that was twice as high (OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.27 to 2.92). After controlling for community effects, the effects of some individual factors on the risk of HIVeducation, male circumcision, type of work, and number of household assets-changed notably. The association between HIV incidence and community factors was in the expected direction, but did not reach statistical significance (RR=2.07, p=0.10). Conclusions: Results suggest that community characteristics play an important part in the spread of HIV in rural Tanzania. Community effects need both to be considered in individual risk factor analyses and be given more attention in intervention programmes.

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“…Research has shown that seropositivity relates to urban residence in northeastern Zaire 7 , western Zaire 1 , and other African countries 5,8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV seroprevalence amongst pregnant women in northeastern Zaire

Wannan

Cutting²,

Fischer³

1997

Int J STD AIDS

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To assess the seroprevalence of HIV in pregnant women in northeastern Zaire and factors that correlate with seropositivity, sequential blood sampling and interviews were performed on 700 women at antenatal clinics in northeastern Zaire. The seroprevalence of the 3 clinics surveyed varied from 0.3%-5.5%, rates being higher in more urban areas. Seropositivity was associated with greater education (P<0.001) and having a partner whose job involved travelling (P<0.001). No correlation was found with marital status, age, or gravidity. Women in northeastern Zaire are at a greater risk of being infected with HIV if they are well educated or have a husband who travels due to his work. Health education on HIV should be particularly directed at women who are well educated and at men who have 'mobile' jobs.

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Prevalence of HIV-1 infection in rural, semi-urban and urban villages in southwest Tanzania

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Is social capital associated with HIV risk in rural South Africa?

Is social capital associated with HIV risk in rural South Africa?

Community effects on the risk of HIV infection in rural Tanzania

HIV seroprevalence amongst pregnant women in northeastern Zaire

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