Prevalence of High Arterial Stiffness and Gender-specific Differences in the Relationships with Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Abstract

Aim:To investigate the relationships between arterial stiffness and classic cardiovascular risk factors with respect to gender differences in addition to the prevalence of high arterial stiffness in Chongqing, China based on an examination of 18,336 subjects. Methods: The cardio-ankle vascular index was used as a marker of arterial stiffness. The relationships between arterial stiffness and body mass index (BMI) as well as metabolic syndrome (MetS) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of high arterial stiffness was 12.74% in men and 9.91% in women. For age and BMI, compared with the reference group, men had higher adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in each group versus their female counterparts. For each individual index of MetS, the effects of waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (SBP) on high arterial stiffness exhibited remarkable gender differences, with women having higher ORs and adjusted ORs than men. As the sum of MetS traits increased, the ORs and adjusted ORs in the subjects also increased, with women having higher values than men in each group. Conclusions: Gender-specific differences exist in the prevalence of high arterial stiffness among subjects compared by age, BMI and MetS, with varying effects of influence for these factors between genders.J Atheroscler Thromb, 2015; 22: 706-717.

Revisão Sistemática Sobre a Epidemiologia Das Doenças Cardiovasculares E Respiratórias E Suas Associações Com a Poluição Do Ar Em Vitória/Es

“…Os dois estudos mais bem delineados sobre esse desfecho, ambos conduzidos com pacientes chineses, apontam prevalências de 12,7% e 22,3% para homens e de 9,9% e 26,4% para mulheres 49,50 . Ainda que se note uma alta variabilidade entre esses dois estudos, ambos apresentam valores de prevalência menores do que os obtidos para Vitória (57,9%).…”

Arterial stiffness, cognitive impairment and dementia: confounding factor or real risk?

“…The cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) was used as a marker of arterial stiffness (Wen et al . ). Interestingly, they also point at significant gender differences in the prevalence of high artery stiffness by showing that for all age brackets, the effect of age was stronger in men, confirming earlier reports in a Japanese population (Hirasada et al .…”

“…The study of Wen also revealed that having elevated systolic blood pressure was associated with a higher prevalence of stiffness in women than in men (Wen et al . ). With prevalence being higher in the overall elderly group (39.17%) compared to middle‐aged (6.81%) and young subjects (0.99%) (Wen et al .…”

“…With prevalence being higher in the overall elderly group (39.17%) compared to middle‐aged (6.81%) and young subjects (0.99%) (Wen et al . ), we can hypothesize that a significant rise in stiffness as a result of ageing begins around the age of 40, increasing steadily after midlife. This is consistent with results from the Framingham cohort, showing that high arterial stiffness increases with age, with prevalence values as low as ~1% in people aged 50 years or less and as high as ~60–70% in those aged 70 years or older (Mitchell et al .…”

“…; Wen et al . ) and is accelerated in individuals with other comorbidities like hypertension (Franklin et al . ; Benetos et al .…”