Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Coinfection, and Associated Risk Factors in a National, Population-Based Survey in Kenya

Mugo, Nelly; Dadabhai, Sufia; Bunnell, Rebecca; Williamson, John; Bennett, Eddas; Baya, I.; Akinyi, Nelly; Mohamed, Ibrahim; Kaiser, Reinhard

doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e31822e60b6

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…1a). Our finding that men with a dorsal slit had a significantly lower incidence of syphilis compared with men without a foreskin cut is consistent with earlier research suggesting that male circumcision may confer protection against syphilis (as well as HSV-2 and chancroid) in men, [32][33][34][35] but these associations are contentious. 36 The present study was underpowered to detect a difference in prevalent or incident HIV infection among men with and without a foreskin cut.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

High prevalence and incidence of HIV, sexually transmissible infections and penile foreskin cutting among sexual health clinic attendees in Papua New Guinea

Vallely¹,

Ryan²,

Allen³

et al. 2014

Sex. Health

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Abstract. Background: Papua New Guinea (PNG) has one of the highest prevalences of HIV and sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in the Asia-Pacific region, and one of the highest burdens of maternal syphilis and cervical cancer globally. Despite this disease burden, only limited clinical research in sexual and reproductive health has been conducted in PNG. Methods: A longitudinal clinical cohort study was conducted at two sexual health clinics. Participants completed a behavioural interview, clinical assessment and genital examination at baseline, and at 12, 24 and 50 weeks, including specimen collection for STI diagnostics. Results: In total, 154 people attended a screening visit. Reattendance at 12, 24 and 50-weeks was 87%, 78% and 80% respectively. At baseline, HIV prevalence was 3.3%; chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis), 29.2%; gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), 22.1%; Trichomonas vaginalis 15.6%; herpes simplex type-2 (HSV-2), 46.1%; active syphilis, 11.7%. Multiple infections were common particularly among women. The incidence of chlamydia was 27 per 100 person-years (PY); gonorrhoea, 15 out of 100 PY; T. vaginalis, 29 out of 100 PY; HSV-2, 12 out of 100 PY; syphilis, 8 out of 100 PY. No incident HIV cases were recorded. At baseline, 39% of men in Mt Hagen and 65% in Port Moresby had a penile foreskin cut, with a dorsal slit being the most common. Two men underwent penile cutting during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The prevalence and incidence of STIs, HIV and penile cutting were high among sexual health clinic attendees. High retention figures suggest that this population may be suitable for future interventions research and clinical trials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

High prevalence and incidence of HIV, sexually transmissible infections and penile foreskin cutting among sexual health clinic attendees in Papua New Guinea

Vallely¹,

Ryan²,

Allen³

et al. 2014

Sex. Health

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“…The low prevalence of HSV-2 in adult Senegalese women contrasts with the higher HSV-2 seroprevalence reported in the general populations living in neighbouring countries [22][23][24], as well as in central or southern Africa [25][26][27][28][29]. The low rate (1.3%) of women shedding HSV-2 DNA in our study population clearly reflects the low HSV-2 seroprevalence of this population, since only a minority of HSV-2-infected individuals usually shed herpes DNA in their genital secretions [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Low prevalences of HIV infection and HSV genital shedding in the general adult female population in Senegal

Diawara

Bélec

Dem

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the main co-factor for heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan Africa, and could be involved in the dynamics of the HIV epidemic in Senegal. Methodology: Genital shedding of HSV was evaluated in adult females who had visited the provincial healthcare centres in Diass, Louga, and Kebemer in Senegal. Study subjects were interviewed by a healthcare worker for sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior, and HIV serology was offered. In addition, cervical secretion lavage samples were evaluated for HSV DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the melting curve analysis of which permitted distinction between HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2). Results: Among 302 women (mean age, 40 years) enrolled, none were infected by HIV. The mean age at first sexual intercourse was 20 years, and the mean number of sexual partners in the previous year was 1.3 (range, 1-7). Only 6 of 302 (1.9%) women had cervico-vaginal secretions positive for HSV DNA. No association between HSV DNA shedding and any sociodemographic or biological variables was found. Surprisingly, genital shedding of HSV-1 was found in two (0.7%) women, representing 33% of herpes-shedding women, and HSV-2 in four (1.5%) women. Conclusions: Taken together, our observations indicate a low prevalence of HSV DNA genital shedding in adult Senegalese women.

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“…In the present study, similar results were found showing similar prevalence of HSV-2 of 10.6% in males and 10.8% in females using real time PCR. However, In Kenya, Mugo et al (2011) found a seroprevalence of 26% among males and 42% among females. In the present study the prevalence of HSV-1 was found to be 51.8% in males and 47% in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HSV1 and HSV2 among HIV Patients in Northern South Africa as Determined by Real Time PCR in Urine Samples

Samie¹,

Mnisi²,

Ramantswana³

2017

American Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The present study determined the prevalence of HSV-1 and 2 among HIV patients in Northern South Africa and identified potential risk factors. Urine samples were collected from patients attending different HIV clinics in Limpopo Province. Total genomic DNA was isolated from these samples using GenElute Blood Genomic DNA Kit and real time PCR protocols were used for the detection of HSV1 and HSV2. Demographic, clinical and socioeconomic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The overall prevalence of HSV1 was 48.5% while that of HSV2 was 10.8% from a total of 308 samples. The prevalence of HSV1 was higher among females while that of HSV2 did not vary between males and females. Patients on zidovudine had a much lower prevalence. Patients who had TB (χ 2 = 9.128; p = 0.003), seemed to have a much higher susceptibility to HSV-1.However, this was not the case with HSV2. CD4 count and viral load did not seem to have any impact of the occurrence of HSV among these patients. Urine samples appear to be a useful alternative for the detection of the HSV. Generally, history of TB, usage of certain ARVs and early age of sexual debut appeared to be important risk factors for HSV.

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Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Coinfection, and Associated Risk Factors in a National, Population-Based Survey in Kenya

Abstract: One-third of Kenyans were HSV-2 infected. HIV-1 infection, age, female sex, and lack of male circumcision were population-level predictors for HSV-2 infection. Targeted prevention interventions are needed, including an effective vaccine.

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

High prevalence and incidence of HIV, sexually transmissible infections and penile foreskin cutting among sexual health clinic attendees in Papua New Guinea

High prevalence and incidence of HIV, sexually transmissible infections and penile foreskin cutting among sexual health clinic attendees in Papua New Guinea

Low prevalences of HIV infection and HSV genital shedding in the general adult female population in Senegal

Prevalence of HSV1 and HSV2 among HIV Patients in Northern South Africa as Determined by Real Time PCR in Urine Samples

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