Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Organ Donors Positive for Hepatitis C Antibody and in the Recipients of Their Organs

Pereira, Brian J.G.; Milford, Edgar L.; Kirkman, Robert L.; Quan, Stella; Sayre, Keith R.; Johnson, Pamela Jo; Wilber, Judith C.; Levey, Andrew S.

doi:10.1056/nejm199209243271302

Cited by 248 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We detected HCV RNA in the saliva of 83% of our HCVpositive sicca syndrome patients and in none of our sicca syndrome patients without HCV RNA in their serum. Our results might be related to blood contamination of the saliva samples, as has been shown for organs removed from infected donors (36). However, we believe that the presence of HCV in the salivary glands might result in the stimulation of B lymphocytes and triggering of the immune process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Sicca syndrome associated with hepatitis C virus infection

Jørgensen

Legouffe

Perney

et al. 1996

Arthritis & Rheumatism

135

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Objective. To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with sicca syndrome, and to determine the clinical, immunologic, and genetic characteristics of sicca syndrome associated with HCV.Methods. We conducted a prospective study in a university hospital immunology-rheumatology department. Sixty-two consecutive patients with sicca syndrome according to the European criteria for Sjogren's syndrome were included. HCV infection was diagnosed in patients with positive recombinant immunoblot assay findings and the presence of viral RNA in serum and saliva. Rheumatoid factor (RF), cryoglobulins, antinuclear antibodies, and anti-SS-NSS-B antibodies were sought. HLA typing was performed on all patients.Results. The prevalence of HCV infection in patients with sicca syndrome was 19%. The incidence of neurologic involvement was significantly increased in patients with sicca syndrome associated with HCV infection (24% versus 4%; P c 0.03), as was elevations in transaminase levels (87.5% versus 16%; P < 0.0001). RF and cryoglobulins were more frequent in HCV-positive sicca syndrome patients (62% versus 30%; P C 0.03, and 56% versus 10%; P c 0.001, respectively). In contrast, anti-SS-NSS-B antibodies were present in 38% of HCVnegative sicca syndrome patients, but in only 1 HCVpositive sicca syndrome patient (P c 0.01). No significant difference in HLA type was observed. Viral RNA

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Sicca syndrome associated with hepatitis C virus infection

Jørgensen

Legouffe

Perney

et al. 1996

Arthritis & Rheumatism

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Potential exposures that were evaluated in case control studies of acute disease and found not be associated with acquiring hepatitis C included medical, surgical, or dental procedures, tattooing, acupuncture, ear piercing, incarceration, military service, or foreign travel. 7,8 While recent histories of health carerelated procedures were commonly reported by both cases and controls (about 30%), a recent history of potential exposures such as tattooing was reported by less than 1% of both cases and controls.…”

Section: Risk Factors Associated With Acquiring Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of spread of hepatitis C

2002

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T o prevent the spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV), prevention and counseling measures should be appropriate to the presence and magnitude of risk. Assessing risk is based on the epidemiologic characteristics of HCV, including modes of transmission, which persons are at increased risk or have a high prevalence of infection, and the amount of disease or infection attributable to the risk. In 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a meeting of expert consultants to review the available data and develop recommendations for the prevention and control of HCV infection. These recommendations were published in October 1998. 1 This review summarizes highlights of the epidemiologic data used to support these recommendations and includes data that have become available since that publication. Risk Factors Associated With Acquiring HCV InfectionThe most reliable data on risk factors associated with acquiring infection are obtained from cohort (prospective) studies and case control (retrospective) studies of acute disease. 2 In cohort studies of HCV infection, the presence of exposure (e.g., blood transfusion) was determined in a defined population (e.g., hospitalized patients), and the population was followed to compare the incidence of infection and disease in the exposed group compared with the incidence in the nonexposed group. In case control studies of acute hepatitis C, the population sample was selected based on the presence or absence of newly acquired, symptomatic disease, and the proportions of cases with histories of various exposures (e.g., blood transfusion, injection drug use, number of sex partners) during the 6 months before onset of disease were compared with those of the controls. For these studies, cases were identified from among persons seeking medical care for acute viral hepatitis in public and private outpatient and inpatient settings and the controls were selected

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“…Transmission of HCV from an HCVpositive organ donor to an HCV-negative recipient in solid organ transplantation has been well documented, [3][4][5] and the subsequent development of chronic hepatitis leading to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease has been described. [4][5][6][7] Although the outcome of renal and liver transplant recipients infected with HCV has been extensively investigated, 6,8 the transmission of HCV and the outcome of de novo HCV infection in heart transplant recipients remains to be determined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome ofDe Novohepatitis C virus infection in heart transplant recipients

et al. 1999

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The outcome of de novo hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in heart transplant recipients of HCV-antibody positive organs is not known. The aim of the study was to determine the short-term outcome of de novo HCV infection in recipients of HCV-positive donor organs. HCV-antibody negative recipients of HCV-antibody positive hearts were identified from January 1, 1991 to February 28, 1998. Control patients matched for year of transplantation were also identified. Twenty-eight patients (22 males, mean age of 56 ؎ 11 SD) received hearts from HCV-antibody-positive donors. The control group was similar to the patients in all clinical and demographic aspects. Twenty-three patients had detectable viremia by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of these 23 patients with de novo HCV infection, 7 (30%) developed HCV-related liver disease. Three patients (13%) had chronic hepatitis and 4 patients (17%) developed severe acute cholestatic hepatitis (ACH). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) use (P ‫؍‬ .04) and high viral load at onset of acute liver disease (P ‫؍‬ .02) were associated with ACH. Overall survival was similar between patients with de novo HCV infection and controls (P ‫؍‬ .20). Development of ACH (P ‫؍‬ .02) and MMF use (P ‫؍‬ .0009) were associated with decreased survival in patients with de novo HCV infection. The present study showed that survival of patients with de novo HCV infection was similar to a matched control group. HCV-related severe ACH is associated with a poor short-term outcome in patients with de novo HCV infection. MMF use may be associated with a higher incidence of HCV-related severe ACH and a poor short-term outcome. (HEPATOLOGY 1999;30:1293-1298

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Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Organ Donors Positive for Hepatitis C Antibody and in the Recipients of Their Organs

Abstract: Nearly all the recipients of organs from anti-HCV-positive donors become infected with HCV. The current tests for anti-HCV antibodies underestimate the incidence of transmission and the prevalence of HCV infection among immunosuppressed organ recipients.

Cited by 248 publications

References 25 publications

Sicca syndrome associated with hepatitis C virus infection

Sicca syndrome associated with hepatitis C virus infection

Prevention of spread of hepatitis C

Outcome ofDe Novohepatitis C virus infection in heart transplant recipients

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