Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and related risk factors in a rural community of Mexico.

Abstract

Abstract.A cross-sectional survey of the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers among healthy people was conducted in San Juanito, a rural community in the northern state of Chihuahua, Mexico. The overall prevalence in 970 people was 6.6% for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. There was an age effect on the prevalence of HBV infection, and a gradual increase in prevalence was observed in patients up to the age of 40 years. Those subjects with a history of dental procedures had a 2-fold higher risk for HBV infection (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.01-5.86), and there was a 74% increased risk for each blood product transfusion (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.09-2.77). Horizontal transmission seems to be the major source of endemicity in San Juanito because no woman was a chronic carrier. To lower HBV transmission rate, an adequate active screening program for blood donors should be implemented, together with a universal infant immunization program.

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection and high rate of response to hepatitis B virus Butang®vaccine in adolescents from low income families in Central Brazil

“…This has also been observed by others (Dominguez et al 2000, Cisneros-Castolo et al 2001, Gandolfo et al 2003. More, older adolescents had 3.6 fold (95% CI: 1.6-7.9) more chance to be exposed to HBV than those younger, suggesting changes in the lifestyle linked with risk behaviors for hepatitis B transmission.…”

“…This is higher when compared with data in adolescents and young adults from developed countries where hepatitis B vaccination programs were fully implemented such as Greece (2.5%) (Gogos et al 2003), Italy (0.9%) (Bonanni et al 2003), Spain (0.9%) (Salleras et al 2005), and the United States (1%) (McQuillan et al 1989). However, regarding individuals from developing regions where HBV vaccination programs were partially or not implemented, this prevalence was similar to that observed in Mexico (5%) (Cisneros-Castolo et al 2001) and Bolivia (6.9%) (Gandolfo et al 2003). In Brazil, Clemens et al (2000) reported a rate of 5.2% in adolescents of four regions, ranging from 2.5% in those with better socioeconomic conditions to 9% in lowincome individuals.…”

“…In contrast, in low and intermediate endemic regions, it is disseminated generally by sexual and parenteral via (Hou et al 2005, Mast et al 2005 whereas an increase of HBV positivity throughout the adolescence and early adulthood was showed (Dominguez et al 2000, Cisneros-Castolo et al 2001, Gaze et al 2002. During this period of life individuals are more susceptible to risk behaviors such as illicit drug use, alcohol abuse, multiple partners, and sexually transmitted diseases (Lawrence & Goldstein 1995, Miranda et al 2005).…”

Hepatitis B marker seroprevalence and vaccination coverage in adolescents in the City of Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, in 2008

“…In contrast, this prevalence is lower than that of Greece (2.5%) 24 and of developing regions, where HBV vaccination programs are only partially implemented or not implemented at all, such as Mexico (5%) 25 , Bolivia (6.9%) 26 and central Brazil (5.9%) 27 .…”

Exposure time to hepatitis B virus and associated risk factors among children in Edirne, Turkey

“…Cultural or behavioural factors which have been described in some communities, e.g. injections using unsterilized needles [27], sharing of personal and household articles [28], dental procedures and tattoos in unsafe circumstances [29] were enquired about directly or indirectly, but their effects could not be shown in this study.…”