Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and immunity status among healthcare workers in Beira City, Mozambique

Mabunda, Nédio; Vieira, Lúcia Da Costa; Chelene, Imelda; Maueia, Cremildo; Zicai, Ana Flora; Duajá, Ana; Chale, Falume; Chambal, Lúcia; Vubil, Adolfo; Augusto, Orvalho

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276283

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The carders with high immunization rates were laboratory technologists 74.6%, clinical officers 65.5%, and Nursing officers 64.1%. Laboratory technologists were the highest immunized carder, this concurs with a study in Mozambique where 77% of laboratory technicians were vaccinated [ 35 ], the high vaccination rate in this carder may be attributed to the implementation of laboratory quality management system and international organization for standardization ISO 15189 which required that all laboratory personnel to be vaccinated against blood borne pathogens [ 36 ]. The low HBV immunity rate and non-completion of vaccine doses is comparable to prior studies showing low HBV vaccine uptake and non-completion of vaccine dosses [ 5 , 11 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Hepatitis B virus infection status and associated factors among health care workers in selected hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya: A cross-sectional study

Mboya,

Daud,

Ondondo

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Poorly managed medical waste produced at the health facilities are potential source of infections including occupational exposure to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). This study evaluated the prevalence of HBV infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Kisumu County. We determined prevalence of HBV infections among 192 HCWs from nine purposively selected high-patient volume public hospitals in Kisumu County. A structured questionnaire was administered, and 4.0 ml of venous blood sample collected for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and total hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Of 192 HCWs sampled, 52.1% were males and the median participants age was 34.4 years with interquartile range (IQR) of 11 (28–39) years. Most participants (44%) had worked for between 1–5 years. There was low HBV vaccine uptake with 35.9% completing the required 3 doses, while 40.6% had never been vaccinated. HBV prevalence was 18.8% (36/192), prevalence of past resolved infection was 25.5% (49/192), while 37.5% (72/192) of HCW had evidence of vaccine-derived immunity and 17.7% (34/192) were susceptible. HBV prevalence among HCW who had worked for less than one year and those who had never been vaccinated was 37.5% and 35.9% respectively. Significant risk of HBV lifetime exposure was noted among HCWs with one vaccine dose, those with no known exposure, while highest in those with knowledge on HBV transmission (aOR, 7.97; 95% CI, 2.10–153.3, p-value = 0.008). HCWs who had received ≥2 doses of HBV vaccine (aOR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.10, p-value = <0.0001) had significant HBV protection. Duration of service was not associated with HBV among HCWs. HBV prevalence was high among HCWs from nine high patient volume public hospitals in Kisumu County. Efforts to strengthen HBV vaccination uptake and dose completion are needed to reduce HBV infections among HCWs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Hepatitis B virus infection status and associated factors among health care workers in selected hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya: A cross-sectional study

Mboya,

Daud,

Ondondo

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…A higher number of females HCWs enrolled for the study than the male HCWs. A similar study showed more female healthcare workers than male HCWs enrolled for a similar study in Mozambique [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Seroprevalence and Knowledge of Hepatitis B and C among Healthcare workers in three healthcare centers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Ya’aba

Owoseni

Ismaila

2023

Preprint

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Hepatitis B and C viruses are occupational risks for healthcare workers due to exposure to body fluids and blood of patients from percutaneous injuries. A major task in the health sector is to ascertain the burden of these diseases among healthcare workers in order to reduce its spread among caregivers and patients accessing care units. This study investigated the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B and C infections among HCWs in three medical centers in Karu Local Government area, Nasarawa State. Sociodemographic data was collected through self-administered questionnaires for two Hundred and fifteen (215) healthcare workers of the three selected hospitals between January to March, 2019. Five (5mL) of whole blood samples were collected into Tri-potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (K3EDTA) container from individual participants and screened for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to Hepatitis C Virus (anti -HCV). Data was processed and analysed using SPSS version 20 software. The overall seroprevalence of hepatitis among the HCWs were HBsAg 13.0%, HCV 2.8% and 0.3% were co-infected with both viruses. Percentage prevalence of HBsAg based on occupational status were Doctors 1.4%, Nurses 2.3%, Allied health care workers 3.2.0%, Administrative Staff 1.4% and unskilled workers 4.6%. The knowledge and awareness of viral hepatitis was high among Doctors (100%), Nurses (92%), and Allied health workers (80%) while a substantial percentage of the Administrative staff (27%) and unskilled workers (73%) had poor knowledge of the infectious pathogens. Not all respondents who are hepatitis B non-reactive have received hepatitis B vaccination. This study revealed the seroprevalence of disease burden and the significance of knowledge on the awareness of hepatitis B and C in vaccine uptake. The professional cadre, knowledge of HBV and HCV and Vaccine uptake were not associated with HBV and HCV status. Concerned authorities are expected to increase the knowledge and awareness of HBV and HCV among this group. Policies and guidelines of infection prevention and control practices should be implemented to ensure safety in a workplace environment.

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Hepatitis B in Healthcare Personnel: An Update on the Global Landscape

Nikolopoulou,

Tzoutzas,

Tsakris

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Despite the outstanding progress that has been made in the prevention, detection, and management of hepatitis B during the past decades, hepatitis B remains a problem among healthcare personnel (HCP) in many countries. We reviewed studies on all aspects of hepatitis B in HCP published from 2017 through April 2023. They revealed wide variations on the prevalence of infection among HCP, ranging from 0.6% in Europe to >8.7% in Africa, almost always in association with very low vaccination rates. Many studies found a significant association between HCP’s knowledge about hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccines, their vaccination status, and practices. This research also discloses global inequities regarding vaccination policies against hepatitis B, free-of-charge vaccinations, and access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Strategies to prevent and manage accidental exposures are needed in order to reduce the burden of hepatitis B on HCP, while written policies for all aspects of infection prevention, protective equipment, and PEP should be available. Lastly, HCP should be accordingly educated. These are all imperative given the decline of routine vaccinations in the COVID-19 era, particularly in countries with fragile vaccination programs, and the disruptions of interventions for hepatitis B that are expected to provide a pool of virus transmission to future generations.

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Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and immunity status among healthcare workers in Beira City, Mozambique

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Hepatitis B virus infection status and associated factors among health care workers in selected hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya: A cross-sectional study

Hepatitis B virus infection status and associated factors among health care workers in selected hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya: A cross-sectional study

Seroprevalence and Knowledge of Hepatitis B and C among Healthcare workers in three healthcare centers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Hepatitis B in Healthcare Personnel: An Update on the Global Landscape

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