Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Among Hemodialysis Patients From Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tavakoli, Ahmad; Moghoofei, Mohsen; Mostafaei, Shayan; Ghaffari, Hadi; Monavari, Seyed Hamidreza; Alavian, Seyed Moayed

doi:10.2217/fvl-2017-0035

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…While the incidence of acute HBV is declining in the United States due to vaccination, blood product screening, and perinatal screening, the incidence of chronic HBV is increasing due to changing immigration patterns and increasing immigration from endemic areas[ 28 ]. A recent meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in hemodialysis patients in the Middle East found a 4.4% positivity rate, which is decreasing over time[ 29 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral hepatitis: Past, present, and future

Odenwald¹,

Paul²

2022

WJG

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Each hepatitis virus—Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and G—poses a distinct scenario to the patient and clinician alike. Since the discovery of each virus, extensive knowledge regarding epidemiology, virologic properties, and the natural clinical and immunologic history of acute and chronic infections has been generated. Basic discoveries about host immunologic responses to acute and chronic viral infections, combined with virologic data, has led to vaccines to prevent Hepatitis A, B, and E and highly efficacious antivirals for Hepatitis B and C. These therapeutic breakthroughs are transforming the fields of hepatology, transplant medicine in general, and public and global health. Most notably, there is even an ambitious global effort to eliminate chronic viral hepatitis within the next decade. While attainable, there are many barriers to this goal that are being actively investigated in basic and clinical labs on the local, national, and international scales. Herein, we discuss pertinent clinical information and recent organizational guidelines for each of the individual hepatitis viruses while also synthesizing this information with the latest research to focus on exciting future directions for each virus.

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Section: Hepatitis Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral hepatitis: Past, present, and future

Odenwald¹,

Paul²

2022

WJG

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“…Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are more prevalent in hemodialysis patients compared to the overall prevalence in the community. In Middle Eastern countries, the prevalence of HBV infection among blood donors was 1.62% [ 1 ], but its prevalence among hemodialysis patients was estimated at 4.4% [ 2 ]. For HCV, the overall prevalence was found to be 4.34% [ 3 ], which is much lower than the reported prevalence of 25.3% among hemodialysis Middle Eastern patients [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and HIV Infections in Hemodialysis Patients at Kano Kidney Center

Alkhalifah,

Alhaddad,

Alhashem

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are more prevalent in hemodialysis patients compared to the general population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections in hemodialysis patients dialyzing regularly at Kano Kidney Center (KKC) in the Eastern Health Cluster of Saudi Arabia in 2022. Methods This retrospective study included all hemodialysis patients who were dialyzed regularly at KKC during 2022. Their electronic medical records were reviewed for the results of HBV, HCV, and HIV along with the patient's demographics, comorbid conditions, and dialysis history. The study was approved and monitored by the Institutional Review Board of Dammam Medical Complex. Results A total of 239 regular hemodialysis patients were included, consisting of 142 males and 97 females (59.41% and 40.59%, respectively), with a mean age of 52.71±15.83 years. Most of the patients were Saudis (156 patients, 65.27%) with the non-Saudi patients being composed mostly of Arabian patients. Nine patients (3.77%) tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the serologic hallmark of HBV infection. Two patients (0.84%) had resolved HBV infections as evidenced by positive hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). However, the majority (226 patients, 94.56%) were never tested for anti-HBc. Anti-HBs, which can imply long-term immunity against HBV from prior immunizations or infections, were positive in 165 patients (69.04%). A protective anti-HBs level of ≥ 10 IU/L was detected in 158 patients (66.11%) including 104 patients (43.51%) having ≥ 100 IU/L. Eighteen patients (7.53%) had reactive HCV antibodies. Four patients (1.67%) had chronic HCV infection as they had detectable HCV RNA. The remaining 14 patients (5.86%) cleared HCV either spontaneously (seven patients, 2.93%) or by medications (seven patients, 2.93%). HIV screening tests were negative in all 239 patients (100%). HBsAg-positive patients did not have any statistically significant differences from HBsAg-negative patients. On the other hand, the patients who were positive for HCV antibodies were older than the patients who were negative for HCV antibodies (60.66 vs 52.05 years on average, p-value <0.05). They also contained a statistically larger proportion of non-Saudi patients than the patients with no evidence of prior infections (61.11% vs 32.13%, p-value <0.05). Conclusions The study found that the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among hemodialysis patients in KKC at 3.77% and 1.67%, respectively, is higher than that reported in the general population in Saudi Arabia, with non-Saudis having a higher prevalence rate of HCV infection than Saudis. However, the current prevalence rate is lower compared to the previous studies that were conducted in Saudi Arabia in the first decade of the 21st century, and there were no...

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“…It is well known that patients on hemodialysis are at increased risk for acquiring viral infections, and sharing dialysis machines, frequent blood transfusions, repeated hospitalizations, and impaired cellular immunity make them particularly prone to blood-borne viruses [8]. In previous studies, it has documented that chronic liver diseases caused by the hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) viruses are more prevalent in HD and thalassemia major patients than the general population [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Previous studies have documented that chronic liver diseases caused by the hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) viruses are more prevalent in HD and thalassemia major patients than the general population. [8][9][10][11] HEV infection is another emerging health issue in HD patients, which can deteriorate patients' conditions. To date, there are some varying reports of the seroprevalence of HEV in HD patients from different countries worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an important emerging health issue in patients on hemodialysis (HD). To date, numerous studies have reported controversial findings regarding the seroprevalence of HEV among this high-risk group around the world. The aim of the present study was to estimate the overall seroprevalence of HEV in HD patients. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar from inception to January 10, 2020 with standard keywords. Pooled seroprevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random intercept logistic regression model. Results: A total of 56 studies met the inclusion criteria compromising 9483 HD patients. The pooled seroprevalence of HEV was estimated 9.31% (95%CI: 6.83%-12.57%). The seroprevalence of HEV was increased from 6.6% between the years of 1994 and 2000 to 11.13% from the year of 2016 to 2020. Blood transfusion was associated with a nearly twofold increase in the rate of HEV seropositivity (OR=1.99; 95%CI: 1.50-2.63, P value < 0.0001, I 2 =6.5%). Conclusions: Our results indicated an increased exposure of HD patients with HEV infection over the last decade. We concluded that blood transfusion, age and duration of HD are considerable risk factors for acquiring HEV infection among HD patients.

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Among Hemodialysis Patients From Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Viral hepatitis: Past, present, and future

Viral hepatitis: Past, present, and future

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and HIV Infections in Hemodialysis Patients at Kano Kidney Center

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

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