Prevalence of hepatitis B markers among hospital workers in Senegal

Romieu, Isabelle; Sow, Idrissa; Lu, Sheng; Laroque, G.; Prince-David, Mireille; Romet-Lemonne, Jean-Loup

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890270405

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…This prevalence is comparable to that observed in other studies carried out in Sub-Saharan Africa [Szmuness et al, 1973;Ayoola, 1987;Romieu et al, 1989;Hyams et al, 19891. However, it should be emphasized that this prevalence has been observed in an urban child population with a relatively good level of sanitation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Hepatitis B virus infection in Cameroon: A seroepidemiological survey in city school children

Chiaramonte

Stroffolini

Ngatchu

et al. 1991

Journal of Medical Virology

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A pilot survey conducted in Cameroon comprising 702 children of primary school age revealed that 58.5% of the children were positive for at least one HBV marker. An overall HBsAg prevalence of 19.9% was observed. Both any HBV marker and HBsAg prevalences increased with age (P less than 0.01). Of the HBsAg-positive subjects, 28.4% were positive for HBV-DNA; none was positive for anti-HDV. There was no significant difference among sexes for either any HBV marker or for HBsAg prevalence. However, a significant difference by sex was found in the percentage ratio HBsAg+/and any marker + (41.0% in males against 28.2% in females; P less than 0.05). No significant difference with respect to the father's occupation and family size was observed. When the zone of location of school was taken into consideration it was observed that suburban school children had a higher prevalence of any HBV marker as compared to central town school children (73.9% vs. 56.6%; P less than 0.001). These results place Cameroon among countries of high endemicity for HBV. The results also indicate an early acquisition of infection, a high infectivity, and probably continuous infection even in the primary school ages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Hepatitis B virus infection in Cameroon: A seroepidemiological survey in city school children

Chiaramonte

Stroffolini

Ngatchu

et al. 1991

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…This low rate is similar to that reported in a study published in 1989 which examined the prevalence of Hbs Ag carriers among a cohort of professional health workers in Dakar (5.8%) [Romieu et al, 1989].…”

Section: Seroprevalence Of Hbs Antigensupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Previous studies in Senegal showed similar results with AgHBs seroprevalence around 17.9% in health personnel [Romieu et al, 1989] and a high level of overall serological markers earlier in the population around 60% in children less than 5 years old [Sall Diallo et al, 2004].…”

Section: Seroprevalence Of Hbs Antigensupporting

confidence: 81%

Hepatitis B, C seroprevalence and delta viruses in HIV‐1 Senegalese patients at HAART initiation (retrospective study)

Diop‐Ndiaye

Touré-Kâne

Etard

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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The aim of this study was to determine hepatitis co-infection in a cohort of HIV infected patients at their inclusion in the Senegalese Initiative of ART Access. B, C, and D Hepatitis viruses serological markers were checked retrospectively on 363 stored plasma. For HBV, the Abbott laboratories equipment IMx was used to detect HBs Ag and anti Core Ab on negative HBs Ag samples. For HDV, anti Delta Ab was performed using the Abbott Murex Kit on all HBs Ag positive samples. For HCV, anti HCV Ab was detected by IMx as double screening test and confirmed by INNO-LIA(TM) HCV Core of Innogenetics laboratories. The statistical analysis was done with STATA V8. The study population was composed of 164 men and 199 women aged between 16 and 66 years. The immune and virological markers averages at their enrollment were 154 cell/mm(3) for TLCD4+ (n = 355 patients) and 4.9 log for viral load (n = 277 patients). HBs Ag was found in 61 patients or 16.8% and the prevalence of anti-HBc Ab was 83.2% (252/295). 2 patients or 3% on HBs Ag positive sample presents HBV/HDV co-infection Ab anti HCV was detects in 6 patients or 1.6% after confirmation and 2 patients had triple infection with HBV. These results showed that the prevalence of HBV and HCV in the population of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Senegal is similar to that found in the general population. Our data indicated that hepatitis pathology in the PLwHIV was essentially due to HBV. Further studies are needed to diagnose occult hepatitis in order to set up therapeutic strategies taking into account co-infections by hepatitis viruses in the ART programmes.

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“…For example Hepatitis B exposure assessed in HCW in Uganda showed that only 36% were still susceptible and could benefit from vaccination [26]. The anti-HBc antibodies prevalence was 79% in 775 hospital workers in hospitals in Dakar, Senegal and 62% in surgeons in a major city in Nigeria [24], [27]. In our study, data on prevalence of immunity due to natural infection showed that a high proportion of young HCWs who entered work at health care facilities were already immune against hepatitis B supporting the fact that exposure occurred before entering work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because Romieu et al [24] found that 17.8% of HCWs of the Dakar hospital, Senegal, were HBsAg carriers, we anticipated a prevalence of HBsAg marker close to 15% in NNH staff. To have a precision of 5% around the estimated prevalence, the calculated sample size was 196 subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Is Universal HBV Vaccination of Healthcare Workers a Relevant Strategy in Developing Endemic Countries? The Case of a University Hospital in Niger

et al. 2012

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BackgroundExposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a serious risk to healthcare workers (HCWs) in endemic developing countries owing to the strong prevalence of HBV in the general and hospital populations, and to the high rate of occupational blood exposure. Routine HBV vaccination programs targeted to high-risk groups and especially to HCWs are generally considered as a key element of prevention strategies. However, the high rate of natural immunization among adults in such countries where most infections occur perinatally or during early childhood must be taken into account.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe conducted a cross sectional study in 207 personnel of 4 occupational groups (medical, paramedical, cleaning staff, and administrative) in Niamey’s National Hospital, Niger, in order to assess the prevalence of HBV markers, to evaluate susceptibility to HBV infection, and to identify personnel who might benefit from vaccination. The proportion of those who declared a history of occupational blood exposure ranged from 18.9% in the administrative staff to 46.9% in paramedical staff. Only 7.2% had a history of vaccination against HBV with at least 3 injections. Ninety two percent were anti-HBc positive. When we focused on170 HCWs, only 12 (7.1%) showed no biological HBV contact. Twenty six were HBsAg positive (15,3%; 95% confidence interval: 9.9%–20.7%) of whom 8 (32%) had a viral load >2000 IU/ml.Conclusions/SignificanceThe very small proportion of HCWs susceptible to HBV infection in our study and other studies suggests that in a global approach to prevent occupational infection by bloodborne pathogens, a universal hepatitis B vaccination of HCWs is not priority in these settings. The greatest impact on the risk will most likely be achieved by focusing efforts on primary prevention strategies to reduce occupational blood exposure. HBV screening in HCWs and treatment of those with chronic HBV infection should be however considered.

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Prevalence of hepatitis B markers among hospital workers in Senegal

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Hepatitis B virus infection in Cameroon: A seroepidemiological survey in city school children

Hepatitis B virus infection in Cameroon: A seroepidemiological survey in city school children

Hepatitis B, C seroprevalence and delta viruses in HIV‐1 Senegalese patients at HAART initiation (retrospective study)

Is Universal HBV Vaccination of Healthcare Workers a Relevant Strategy in Developing Endemic Countries? The Case of a University Hospital in Niger

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