Prevalence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis

Joon, Annu; Rao, Pooja; Shenoy, Suchitra; Baliga, Shrikala

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.150908

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is supported by other studies conducted by various authors. [21][22][23][24] The overall incidence of both HAV and HEV was more in males (73.1% and 72.1%), and this finding is similar to that reported by Mittal 15 In literature, similar results were observed in other studies also. 13,18,[24][25][26][27] It is because of greater exposure of males in their professional and social activities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…14 In our study, among the two enterally transmitted viruses, the overall prevalence of HAV (15.4%) was more than HEV (13.9%). Singh et al 13 and Joon et al 15 reported the HAV seropositivity was more (32.1% and 19.31%) than that of HEV (7.19% and 10.54%). In contrast to our study, Kumar et al, 16 Nandi et al, 17 Antony and Celine 18 Manmohan et al, 19 and Mittal et al 20 reported higher prevalence of HEV (37.4%, 45.4%, 61.24%, 37.49%, and 14.9% respectively) as compared to HAV (14.6%, 33%, 31.54%, 32%, and 7.67%, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Mittal et al 20 observed that HAV and HEV infection occurred throughout the year, with maximum number of patients in summer and in the beginning of rainy season. Joon et al 15 reported predominance of HAV and HEV infection toward the end of monsoon and beginning of winter and a peak rise in HEV during the beginning of rainy season.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and Trends of Enterally Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A 3-year Study

Gupta¹,

Mittal²

2019

Journal of Gastrointestinal Infections

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Background and objectives: Despite the significant achievements in recent decades to control viral hepatitis worldwide, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections remain a matter of significant public health concern. Both viruses are transmitted primarily by orofecal route and are present higher in communities with poor sanitation. They cause a disease that is indistinguishable without serologic testing. Prevalence of HEV is less frequent even in endemic areas (7.8-45%), compared to HAV infection (up to 100% in low-income countries). The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of HAV and HEV and to study their seasonal variations. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study over a period of 3 years. Serum samples from patients suspected of viral hepatitis were tested for anti-HAV and anti-HEV immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seasonal trends of HAV and HEV were also studied. Results: The overall percentage positivity for HAV and HEV was 15.4% and 13.9% and the prevalence was more in the males. Majority of cases of HAV infection were in the age-group of 11-20 years, whereas HEV infection was predominant in the age-group of 21-30 years. There was a year-wise increasing trend of HAV and HEV seroprevalence. On comparing the seasonal trends, hepatitis A was more during the monsoon (17.6%) and hepatitis E was more during the summer season (15.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis A was more when compared to hepatitis E, and majority of the patients were males.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Seroprevalence and Trends of Enterally Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A 3-year Study

Gupta¹,

Mittal²

2019

Journal of Gastrointestinal Infections

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“…HAV and HEV are waterborne viruses that usually cause acute hepatitis without progressing to chronic liver diseases (5, 6). According to the Global Burden of Disease study, 101.7 million cases of HAV and 28.4 million cases of HEV infection occurred worldwide in 2013 (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Viruses in Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo

et al. 2017

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The majority of patients with acute febrile jaundice (>95%) identified through a yellow fever surveillance program in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) test negative for antibodies against yellow fever virus. However, no etiological investigation has ever been carried out on these patients. Here, we tested for hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses, all of which can cause acute febrile jaundice, in patients included in the yellow fever surveillance program in the DRC. On a total of 498 serum samples collected from suspected cases of yellow fever from January 2003 to January 2012, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were used to screen for antibodies against HAV (IgM) and HEV (IgM) and for antigens and antibodies against HBV (HBsAg and anti-hepatitis B core protein [HBc] IgM, respectively), HCV, and HDV. Viral loads and genotypes were determined for HBV and HVD. Viral hepatitis serological markers were diagnosed in 218 (43.7%) patients. The seroprevalences were 16.7% for HAV, 24.6% for HBV, 2.3% for HCV, and 10.4% for HEV, and 26.1% of HBV-positive patients were also infected with HDV. Median viral loads were 4.19 × 105 IU/ml for HBV (range, 769 to 9.82 × 109 IU/ml) and 1.4 × 106 IU/ml for HDV (range, 3.1 × 102 to 2.9 × 108 IU/ml). Genotypes A, E, and D of HBV and genotype 1 of HDV were detected. These high hepatitis prevalence rates highlight the necessity to include screening for hepatitis viruses in the yellow fever surveillance program in the DRC.

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“…In the present study, a China, Song et al (24) observed that BOD 5 and COD removal in wetlands was more efficient in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The higher efficiency of sewage treatment in warm weather and the predominant prevalence of HAV during winter months (25) could justify the positive results of HAV presence in cold weather.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis A Virus in Urban Sewage in Isfahan, Iran

Najar

Naghavi

2018

mljgoums

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Background and Objectives: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) enters sewage through the stool of infected patients and contaminates freshwater and seawater. The aim of present study was quantitative molecular detection of HAV in raw and treated urban sewage samples from Isfahan, center of Iran.Material and methods: Sewage samples were collected from six urban treatment plants in cold and warm weather, between December 2016 and Jun 2017. Physicochemical indicators were measured immediately after sampling. Viral particles were isolated and concentrated by modified adsorption-elution method using Al 3+ -coated filters. Quantitative PCR was done for amplification of a fragment in the highly conserved 5′ noncoding region of the HAV genome.Results: Although the values of the indicators were lower in 67-83% of sewage samples in warm weather, no significant difference was detected between the physicochemical indicators of sewage samples. HAV was detected in three raw sewage samples collected in cold weather (copy number of 32590, 28400 and 14200 per µl) and in one treated sewage sample (copy number of 6500 per µl) collected in cold weather. Positive HAV sewage samples had been treated by activated sludge and aerated lagoon. Conclusion:We detected high frequency of HAV in raw urban sewage samples from Isfahan, Iran. This highlights the importance of paying extra attention to irrigation of farms with raw sewage. Based on the results of this study and previous studies, it can be concluded that the activated sludge system may be more effective for elimination of enteric viruses, such as HAV.

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Prevalence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis

Cited by 55 publications

References 6 publications

Seroprevalence and Trends of Enterally Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A 3-year Study

Seroprevalence and Trends of Enterally Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A 3-year Study

High Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Viruses in Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis A Virus in Urban Sewage in Isfahan, Iran

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