Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Iranian Milk and Dairy Products using Culture and ureC based-PCR Techniques

Abstract

The hygienic quality of milk has an important public health importance. Helicobacter pylori has a foodborne route and especially food with animal origin. This present study was carried out in order to isolation the H. pylori from cow milk samples using culture and PCR method. A total of 120 bovine milk and 120 dairy product samples were collected from the supermarkets of various parts of Iran. The animals whose milk samples collected for this study were clinically healthy.All samples were cultured and those that were H. pylori-positive were subjected for PCR method fordetection of the H. pyloriure C gene.Of 240 samples studied, 33 (13.75%) were positive for the H. pylori using the culture method. Raw bovine milk were the most contaminated (16.66%) but traditional cream were the less contaminated (7.5%) samples. Significant differences was seen for the prevalence of H. pylori between raw bovine milk and traditional cream samples (P =0.027). All of the positive colonies of H. pylori were confirmed using the ureC gene based-PCR method. This study showed that cow milk and traditional dairy product samples are the sources of H. pylori infection for humans.

Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of vacA, cagA, and iceA alleles of the Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from traditional dairy products

“…Higher incidence of H. pylori in some kinds of dairy samples was also reported by previous investigations (Angelidis et al, 2011;Bianchini et al, 2015;Fujimura et al, 2002;Khaji, Banisharif, & Alavi, 2017;Mousavi et al, 2014;Osman et al, 2015;Quaglia et al, 2007;Quaglia et al, 2008;Rahimi & Kheirabadi, 2012;Safaei et al, 2011;Talaei et al, 2015;Talimkhani & Mashak, 2017;Zamani, Vahedi, Maghdouri, & Shokri-Shirvani, 2017). Reversely, lower incidence of H. pylori in some kinds of dairy samples was also reported by previous investigations (Esmaeiligoudarzi et al, 2015;Mousavi et al, 2014;Rahimi & Kheirabadi, 2012;Saeidi & Sheikhshahrokh, 2016). and s1b (32.25%) and iceA2 (12.90%) had the lowest incidence among the H. pylori strains isolated from different types of traditional dairy product samples.…”

“…High incidence of vacA , cagA , and iceA1 genotypes was also reported in the H. pylori strains isolated from clinical samples of human and animal species (Dabiri et al, ; Momtaz, Dabiri, Souod, & Gholami, ; Podzorski, Podzorski, Wuerth, & Tolia, ; Torkan & Shahreza, ). Furthermore, high incidence of these genotypes has been reported in the H. pylori strains isolated from different types of food samples (Esmaeiligoudarzi et al, ; Ghorbani et al, ; Gilani, Razavilar, Rokni, & Rahimi, ; Khaji et al, ; Mousavi et al, ; Ranjbar et al, 2016a, 2016b; Saeidi & Sheikhshahrokh, ; Talaei et al, ; Talimkhani & Mashak, ; Yahaghi et al, ). Adjacent association of vacA , cagA , and iceA genotypes of H. pylori bacteria with secretion of interleukin‐8 and cytotoxin, adhesion to gastric epithelial cells, occurrence of inflammatory effect, vacuolization, apoptosis procedure in gastric epithelial cells, peptic ulceration, increase acute neutrophilic infiltration, interleukin‐10 secretion and inflammation, has been presented previously (Dabiri et al, ; Podzorski et al, ; Torkan & Shahreza, ).…”

“…Furthermore, high incidence of these genotypes has been reported in the H. pylori strains isolated from different types of food samples (Esmaeiligoudarzi et al, 2015;Ghorbani et al, 2016;Gilani, Razavilar, Rokni, & Rahimi, 2017;Khaji et al, 2017;Mousavi et al, 2014;Ranjbar et al, 2016aRanjbar et al, , 2016bSaeidi & Sheikhshahrokh, 2016;Talaei et al, 2015;Talimkhani & Mashak, 2017;Yahaghi et al, 2014). Adjacent association of vacA, cagA, and iceA genotypes of H. pylori bacteria with secretion of interleukin-8 and cytotoxin, adhesion to gastric epithelial cells, occurrence of inflammatory effect, vacuolization, apoptosis procedure in gastric epithelial cells, peptic ulceration, increase acute neutrophilic infiltration, interleukin-10 secretion and inflammation, has a AM10 = ampicillin (10 μg); Met5 = metronidazole (5 μg); ER5 = erythromycin (5 μg); CLR2 = clarithromycin (2 μg); AMX10 = amoxicillin (10 μg); Tet30 = tetracycline (30 μg); Lev5 = levofloxacin (5 μg); TRP25 = trimethoprim (25 μg); FZL1 = furazolidone (1 μg); and Spi100 = spiramycin (100 μg).…”

<p>Phenotypic and Genotypic Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Genotyping of <em>vacA</em>, <em>cagA</em>, <em>iceA</em>, <em>oipA</em>, <em>cagE</em>, and <em>babA2</em> Alleles of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Bacteria Isolated from Raw Meat</p>

“…30 However, oral-fecal transmission has additional implications, since H. pylori may occur in food and water supplies subsequent to fecal contamination. 30 Additionally, isolation of H. pylori from raw vegetables, 16,31 meat, 32,33 salads, 16,34 ready to eat foods, 35,36 and milk 37,38 proposes that foodstuffs may act as vehicles for transmission of H. pylori to human community. The current survey was carried out in order to assess the incidence, phenotypic and genotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance and genotyping profile of vacA, cagA, cagE, iceA, oipA, and babA alleles of the H. pylori bacteria recovered from raw camel, caprine, ovine, bovine, and buffalo meat samples.…”

“…Lower incidence of H. pylori in raw camel meat was also conveyed. 17,37,44 Resistance toward human and animal-based antibiotic agents was studied in the current research. H. pylori bacteria displayed the high incidence of resistance toward tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin antibiotic agents.…”