Prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in cattle of Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu

Jayalakshmi, K; Sasikala, M.; Veeraselvam, M.; Venkatesan, M; Yogeshpriya, S.; Ramkumar, PK; Selvaraj, Periasamy; Vijayasarathi, M.K.

doi:10.1007/s12639-019-01094-7

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The hematological changes observed in these cattle are indicative of significant RBCs destruction, anemia (reduced Hb level) and leukopenia in infected cattle compared to non-infected cattle (Table 2). These changes are associated with the capability of infecting parasites to reach the circulation and invade the RBCs and corroborates with earlier findings from mixed infected cattle of southern India (Jayalakshmi et al 2019). The severity of changes varied depending upon the type and degree of RBCs infected by these parasites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Development of Novel Multiplex PCR for Diagnosis of Co-infected Hemo-parasites in Cattle

Kumar

Sarma

et al. 2021

IJAR

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Background: A novel, rapid and specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction was developed to diagnose hemo-parasitic infection in bovine blood co-infected with three of the most common hemo-parasites. Methods: The diagnostic process relied on the detection of the three different bovine hemoparasites isolated from red blood cells (RBCs) of cattle (N=30) by conventional Giemsa stained blood smear (GSBS) and confirmed by multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR system was used to diagnose GSBS positive blood samples (N=12) found infected or co-infected with hemoparasites. The designed multiplex primer sets was attempted to amplify 205, 313 and 422 bp fragments of apocytochrome b, sporozoite and macroschizont 2 (spm2) and 16S rRNA gene for Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata and Anaplasma marginale, respectively. Result: This multiplex PCR was sensitive with the ability to detect the presence of 150 ng of genomic DNA. The primers used in this multiplex PCR also showed highly specific amplification of specific gene fragments of each respective parasite. Comparing the two detection methods revealed that 58.33% of specimens showed concordant diagnoses with both techniques. The specificity, positive predictive value and kappa coefficient of the agreement was highest for diagnosis of B. bigemina and lowest for A. marginale. The overall Kappa coefficient for diagnosis based on GSBS for multiple pathogens compared to multiplex PCR was 0.56, slightly behind the threshold of 0.6 of agreement. Therefore, confirmation should always be based on PCR to rule out false positives due to differences in subjective observations, stain particles and false negatives due to low parasitemia. The simplicity and rapidity of this specific multiplex PCR method make it suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies and follow-up of drug treatments.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Development of Novel Multiplex PCR for Diagnosis of Co-infected Hemo-parasites in Cattle

Kumar

Sarma

et al. 2021

IJAR

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“…It was observed that cattle infected with these parasites adversely affected haematological parameters. These changes are associated with capability of infecting parasite to reach the circulation and invade the RBCs and corroborates with earlier findings from mixed infected cattle of southern India (Jayalakshmi et al 2019). Severity of changes varied depending upon the type and degree of RBCs infected by these parasites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Development Of Novel Multiplex PCR For Rapid Diagnosis Of Coinfected Hemo-Parasites In Cattle

Kumar¹,

Kumar²,

Sarma³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A novel, rapid and specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction has been developed for the diagnosis of hemo-parasitic infection in bovine blood by three of the most common hemo-parasites. The reported method relied on the detection of the three different bovine hemoparasites isolated from red blood cells (RBCs) of cattle by conventional Giemsa stained blood smear (GSBS) and confirmed by multiplex PCR. The designed multiplex primer sets can amplify 205, 313 and 422 bp fragments of apocytochrome b, sporozoite and macroschizont 2 (spm2) and 16S rRNA gene for Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata and Anaplasma marginale, respectively. This multiplex PCR was sensitive with the ability to detect the presence of 150 ng of genomic DNA. The primers used in this multiplex PCR also showed highly specific amplification of specific gene fragments of each respective parasite DNA without the presence of non-specific and non-target PCR products. This multiplex PCR system was used to diagnose GSBS confirmed blood samples (N=12) found infected or co-infected with hemoparasites. A comparison of the two detection methods revealed that 58.33% of specimens showed concordant diagnoses with both techniques. The specificity, positive predictive value and kappa coefficient of agreement was highest for diagnosis of B. bigemina and lowest for A. marginale. The overall Kappa coefficient for diagnosis based on GSBS for multiple pathogen compared to multiplex PCR was 0.56 slightly behind the threshold of 0.6 of agreement. Therefore, confirmation should always be made based on PCR to rule out false positive due to differences in subjective observations, stain particles and false negative due to low level of parasitaemia. The simplicity and rapidity of this specific multiplex PCR method make it suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies and for follow-up of drug treatments.

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“…Anaplasmosis is a rickettsial disease transmitted biologically through ticks mainly by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus [ 2 ]. It is endemic in some parts of the world [ 3 , 4 ] while in India incidence of A. marginale infection has been recorded in livestock [ 5 – 7 ]. The Theileria species that infect bovines in India are T. annulata and T. orientalis , and both species are transmitted by Hyalomma anatolicum .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, haematology and molecular characterization of haemoprotozoon and rickettsial organisms causing infections in cattle of Jammu region, North India

et al. 2021

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Background The present study was aimed at establishing the prevalence, epidemiology and molecular characterization of major haemoprotozoons (Babesia and Theileria) and rickettsia (Anaplasma) of cattle in Jammu region (North India) using microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hematology, microscopy and PCR based prevalence studies were undertaken with 278 whole blood samples from cattle. Molecular prevalence studies were followed by genetic characterization of the isolates of Babesia, Anaplasma and Theileria spp. based on 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA and Tams1 gene, respectively. The data related to metrology and epidemiological variables like temperature, rainfall, season, age and type of livestock rearing was analyzed and correlated with occurrence of disease by statistical methods. Results The prevalence based on microscopy was 12.9% (36/278) whereas PCR recorded 30.22% (84/278) animals positive for haemoparasitic infections. All the samples found positive by microscopy were also recorded positive by PCR. Thus the study revealed prevalence of Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata to be 9.7, 16.5 and 0.7% respectively. The metrological and epidemiological variables made inroads for the propagation of vector ticks and occurrence of infection. Haematological alterations predominantly related to decrease in haemoglobin, red blood cell count and packed cell volume were evident in diseased animals and collaterally affected the productivity. Further the genetic characterization of Babesia bigemina. (MN566925.1, MN567603, MN566924.1), Anaplasma marginale. (MH733242.1, MN567602.1) and Theileria annulata (MT113479) provided a representative data of the isolates circulating in the region and their proximity with available sequences across the world. Conclusions Despite holding much significance to the animal sector, comprehensive disease mapping has yet not been undertaken in several parts of India. The present study provides a blue print of disease mapping, epidemiological correlations and genomic diversity of Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata circulating in the region.

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Prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in cattle of Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Development of Novel Multiplex PCR for Diagnosis of Co-infected Hemo-parasites in Cattle

Development of Novel Multiplex PCR for Diagnosis of Co-infected Hemo-parasites in Cattle

Development Of Novel Multiplex PCR For Rapid Diagnosis Of Coinfected Hemo-Parasites In Cattle

Epidemiology, haematology and molecular characterization of haemoprotozoon and rickettsial organisms causing infections in cattle of Jammu region, North India

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