Prevalence of gonorrhea among adult male with urethritis in Erbil City

Abstract

Introduction disseminated gonococcal infection which presents with arthralgias, tenosynovitis, or arthritis and rush. 1 Gonorrhea control strategies have relied on the use of highly effective and often single dose therapy administered at the time of diagnosis. 2 The appearance and subsequent increased incidence of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 3 and chromosomally mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae 4 in the advanced countries heralded the end of an era in which gonorrhea could be confidently treated with relatively inexpensive antibiotics such as penicillin and tetracycline. The broad spectrum Background and objective: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The bacteria can be passed from one person to another through vaginal, oral, or anal sex. It can also be passed from mother to her baby during birth. The symptoms in adult male include a burning sensation when they urinate and a yellowish-white discharge may ooze out of the urethra. Gonorrhea can spread to epididymis causing pain and swelling in the testicular area. This can create scar tissue that can lead to infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gonorrhea in adult male in Erbil Governorate and the susceptibility of isolated Neisseria to antibiotics. Methods: Urethral discharge obtained from adult male aged between 19-49 years were examined for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae using direct smear gram staining and cultural technique. The susceptibility of isolated bacteria to antibiotics was tested using disc diffusion method. Results: This study showed that the incidence of gonorrhea among 312 adult male with urethritis in Erbil city was (8.97%) while (91.03%) of patients examined had nongonococcal urethritis. The higher percentage of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (14%) occurred among age group (19-29) years and the lower (3.48%) in the age group (39-49) years. Among the 210 unmarried patients, 26 (12.38%) had gonorrhea and 184 (87.62%) had nongonococcal urethrits. All Neisseria gonorrhoeae were sensitive to ceftriaxone, spectinomycin and azithromycin. The isolates showed low sensitivity (21.42%) to penicillin. Conclusion: It seems that gonorrhea is common among symptomatic adult male. The emergence of resistance to some antibiotics is worrying. Appropriate prevention strategies should be of highest priority of the policy makers.

Structural and Functional Annotation and Molecular Docking Analysis of a Hypothetical Protein from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, An In-silico Approach

“…According to the ExPASy ProtPram server, the protein's physical properties (Table 4) revealed that it includes 478 amino acids. The most prevalent amino acids in the composition were Ala (37), Arg (30), Asn (23), Asp (26), Cys (3), Gln (47), Glu (55), Gly (20), His (10), Ile (26), Leu (34), Lys (53), Met (7), Phe (17), Pro (11), Ser (28), Thr (15), Tyr (20), Trp (5), Val (11). Its molecular weight is 56206.84 Dalton.…”

“…It is a fastidious [3], non-acid fast [8], oxidasepositive [9] and non-spore-forming bacterium [10]. In addition, it is a non-motile [11] and obligate human pathogen [12] that can thrive aerobically or anaerobically in the presence of nitrite [13]. Gonorrhoea can be asymptotic or develop with symptoms.…”

Structural and Functional Annotation and Molecular Docking Analysis of a Hypothetical Protein from Neisseria gonorrhoeae: An In-Silico Approach

“…It is fastidious [ 5 ], non-acid fast [ 6 ], oxidase-positive [ 7 ], and non-spore-forming in nature [ 8 ]. In addition, it is a non-motile [ 9 ] and obligate-human pathogen [ 10 ] that can thrive aerobically or anaerobically in the presence of nitrite [ 11 ]. These diplococci, kidney-shaped bacteria infecting both men and women can cause the sexually transmitted disease (STD) named gonorrhea [ 12 , 13 ].…”