Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and its Association with Scapular Dyskinesia and Rotator Cuff Strength Ratio in Collegiate Athletes Playing Overhead Sports

Scapular dyskinesis can be present in healthy individuals as in patients with shoulder pathology. Altered patterns of scapular kinematics can cause or exacerbate rotator cuff tear pathology. However, more research is needed. Regardless of the cause or the consequence of rotator cuff tear, scapular dyskinesis impairs shoulder function, worsens the symptoms, and compromises the success of clinical intervention. The available literature suggests physical therapy as the first treatment for degenerative cuff tears, and scapular dyskinesis should be addressed if present. Non-responsive cases or traumatic tears may require surgery. Postsurgical physical therapy protocols after rotator cuff repair must consider scapular dyskinesia to improve the outcomes. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:932-940. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210043

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“…However, little evidence relating to a clear association between GIRD and scapular dysfunction is available. 21 …”

Section: Scapular Dyskinesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of scapular dyskinesis on rotator cuff tears: a narrative review of the current knowledge

2021

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“…PST reduces glenohumeral joint (GHJ) range of motion (ROM) into HAdd and IR. 11 , 15 , 16 The shoulder has complex motion and PST has been associated with a variety of shoulder issues such as glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), 16 – 20 subacromial impingement, 21 – 25 anterior and posterior glenohumeral laxity, 4 , 21 , 26 scapular dyskinesia 6 , 19 , 27 – 29 and internal impingement of the shoulder. 4 , 30 – 32 Therefore, the term PST will be used to describe decreased HAdd, IR and low flexion (LF) based on tightness associated with posterior shoulder structures such as the infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid muscles and posterior glenohumeral capsule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evidence-informed rehabilitation management framework for posterior shoulder tightness: A scoping review

Fukushima,

Avilineni,

Kao

et al. 2023

Shoulder & Elbow

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Objective To systematically scope the literature on posterior shoulder tightness (PST) and define a therapist-instructed and therapist-administered management framework. Design Scoping review. Literature search We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Google Scholar from inception to December 2021. Study selection criteria Peer-reviewed studies written in English, French, Greek, Japanese or Tamil, with extractable pre- and post-intervention data. Physiotherapy interventions amenable for posterior shoulder structural (muscle, capsule) causes of PST within an adult population. Data synthesis Arksey and O’Malley's framework was implemented and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews directed our data synthesis. The data charted from each study included authors, title, study year, location, study design; participant number, age, sex; PST intervention and parameters; patient-reported outcomes; and results. Themes were organized into therapist-instructed and therapist-administered rehabilitation strategies, as well as combined treatment methods. Results Of 2777 articles identified from our search strategy, 21 articles were included. Therapist-instructed interventions included cross-body stretch (CBS), sleeper stretch (SS), a combination of the two and general stretching. Therapist-administered interventions included CBS, SS, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), muscle energy techniques, dry needling and Fauls protocol (12 therapist-assisted stretches). Combined interventions of tape with self-stretching and IASTM and stretching were also identified. Conclusion Based on the current evidence, CBS and SS are the most researched treatments for PST and seem to be effective at improving PST. Furthermore, stabilization of the scapula while performing these stretches optimized the stretch targeted to the PST and ROM benefits for horizontal adduction.

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Effectiveness of sleeper’s stretch on proprioception and range of motion in volleyball and basketball athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit

Khan

Sharma²,

Priyadarshi

et al. 2023

Comp. Exerc.

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Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is a common impairment of neuromuscular origin that affects overhead athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-week sleeper stretch program on proprioception and range of motion (ROM) in athletes clinically diagnosed with GIRD. This study was a single group crossover study design (pre-post). The athletes underwent sleeper stretching program (5 sessions/week for 4 weeks) on the affected and non-affected sides. A total of 32 male athletes (15 basketball/17 volleyball were assessed for outcome measures of internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), total range of motion (TROM), and proprioception in ER, IR, and TROM (eyes open and eyes closed) at baseline and at the end of intervention. The affected side ROM significantly improved from 54.53±8.90° to 77.56±4.33° and 58.27±3.33° to 81.10±3.67° for volleyball and basketball athletes, respectively (IR ROM); from 114.56±5.88° to 95.77±6.66° and 119.44±4.67° to 104.23±5.05° for volleyball and basketball athletes, respectively (ER ROM); and from 169.90±5.78° to 173.11±5.88° and 177.28±5.88° to 186.89±3.79° for volleyball and basketball athletes, respectively (TROM), after the four-week sleeper stretch exercise. The ROM changes were non-significant on the non-affected side (P>0.05). The ANOVA reading for individual sports was found to be significant: volleyball athlete IR: [P<0.05, effect size (ES)=0.63], basketball athlete IR: [P<0.05, ES=0.74], volleyball athlete ER [P<0.05, ES=0.49), basketball athlete ER [P<0.05, ES=0.38). However, there was no significant improvement in proprioception measured with both eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) for the IR, ER, and TROM. This study establishes the important role of sleeper’s stretching protocol in improvement of internal rotation, external rotation, and total rotational motion of the affected side. These findings may have important clinical implications in the management of GIRD in volleyball and basketball athletes.

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Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and its Association with Scapular Dyskinesia and Rotator Cuff Strength Ratio in Collegiate Athletes Playing Overhead Sports

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The role of scapular dyskinesis on rotator cuff tears: a narrative review of the current knowledge

The role of scapular dyskinesis on rotator cuff tears: a narrative review of the current knowledge

An evidence-informed rehabilitation management framework for posterior shoulder tightness: A scoping review

Effectiveness of sleeper’s stretch on proprioception and range of motion in volleyball and basketball athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit

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