Prevalence of Glaucoma

Klein, Barbara E.K.; Klein, Ronald; Sponsel, William Eric; Franke, Todd; Cantor, Louis B.; Martone, James F.; Ménage, M J

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31774-9

Cited by 845 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These discrepancies can in part be explained by differences in examination methods, which have undoubtedly been modified in the past few decades, and perhaps also by different characteristics of the populations studied. In any case, our data are much closer to those emerging from recent epidemiological studies, carried out using methods similar to those adopted by us [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. The only exception is the Japanese study in which the prevalence of normal tension glaucoma is 3 times higher than that of the hyperbaric form [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…During the course of the past decade, however, several new epidemiological studies have been carried out which have produced results rather different to those mentioned above [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. These studies show that the number of ocular hypertensive subjects is only 2 or 3 times higher than the cases of hyperbaric glaucoma, while cases of glaucoma with normal pressure are distinctly fewer than those with high pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Relationship between Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma in a Defined Population

Bonomi

Marchini²,

Marraffa³

et al. 2000

Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To provide data on the prevalence of ocular hypertension and glaucoma and on the diagnostic validity of tonometry. Methods: In this cross-sectional, population-based study, 4,927 subjects over 40 years of age were examined. Each subject underwent a complete ocular examination as part of the Egna-Neumarkt Glaucoma Study. These examinations were carried out by trained, quality-controlled ophthalmologists, according to a predetermined standard protocol that included a medical interview, applanation tonometry, computerized perimetry, optic nerve head examination and other ocular measurements. The following data were recorded: mean IOP, prevalence of ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma. Sensitivity, specificity and the predictive value of the tonometric test, as well as the distribution of IOP in the different groups were also determined. Results: The overall prevalence of ocular hypertension, hypertensive primary open-angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma corresponded to 2.1, 1.4 and 0.6%, respectively. Other types of glaucoma accounted for a further 0.9%. The sensitivity and specificity of the tonometric test in recognizing glaucoma (cut-off between 21 and 22 mm Hg) were, respectively, 80.1 and 97.8%. The predictive values of the positivity and negativity of the test were 52.1 and 99.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of ocular hypertension and glaucoma was similar to that found in several recent epidemiological studies. Tonometry alone is obviously not sufficient to ascertain or to exclude the presence of glaucoma; its diagnostic validity however is high and should never be underestimated. An elevated IOP is the main risk factor for glaucoma, with the degree of risk increasing as the level of IOP increases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship between Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma in a Defined Population

Bonomi

Marchini²,

Marraffa³

et al. 2000

Ophthalmologica

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“…It manifests itself in an insidious, slowly progressive way (chronic open-angle glaucoma; COAG), and age has been identified as a major predictor of its incidence in many studies [1, 2, 3]. However, some patients do present with characteristics similar to those of COAG before the age of 40 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Risk Factors and Visual Field Changes between Juvenile-Onset and Late-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Liu

Chou

et al. 2002

Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To identify the differences in risk factors and visual field (VF) changes between juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) and late-onset chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG). Methods: The demographic and presenting clinical data of 27 JOAG and 30 COAG patients were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: A family history of glaucoma (37%) and a history of steroid usage (14.8%) were identified in JOAG patients only. The JOAG patients had a longer axial length (p < 0.001) and more often a myopic refractive state (p < 0.001) than the COAG patients. Patients with COAG showed a deeper (p = 0.016) and a more extensive (p = 0.008) defect in the superior than in the inferior hemifield, as well as a deeper (p = 0.016) and a more extensive (p = 0.001) defect in the superior than in the inferior arcuate area, while JOAG patients showed symmetric VF defects between the superior and inferior hemifields. Purely diffuse VF depression is more common in JOAG than in COAG patients (p = 0.03). Conclusions: JOAG patients demonstrated more axial myopic changes than patients with COAG as well as a pattern of superior-inferior symmetric VF defects. Axial myopia may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of JOAG.

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“…[1][2][3] The prevalence of chronic open-angle glaucoma in people aged over 40 years is 1-2% for whites and 5-7% for blacks. [4][5][6] Population-based studies show that the most important risk factor for developing glaucoma is increasing age. In the Beaver Dam Survey a prevalence of 0.9% was reported in people aged 43-54 years of age, rising to 4.7% in those aged 75 years or older.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for chronic glaucoma

Salmon¹

2006

J Med Screen

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Glaucoma is an acquired chronic optic neuropathy which causes progressive loss of peripheral vision and is a common cause of blindness. While the precise pathophysiology of glaucoma is unknown, the end result is retinal ganglion cell death with loss of nerve fibres. Most individuals with glaucoma have raised intraocular pressure (IOP) secondary to reduced aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Two major prospective studies and a recent metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials have shown conclusively that treatment to reduce IOP can prevent visual disability and blindness in this condition.

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Prevalence of Glaucoma

Cited by 845 publications

References 16 publications

The Relationship between Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma in a Defined Population

The Relationship between Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma in a Defined Population

Comparisons of Risk Factors and Visual Field Changes between Juvenile-Onset and Late-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Screening for chronic glaucoma

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