Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Risk Factors in Chinese Pregnant Women: A Prospective Population-Based Study in Tianjin, China

Abstract

ObjectiveWe compared the increases in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and its risk factors in Tianjin, China, over a 12-year period. We also examined the changes in the prevalence using the criteria of International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG).MethodsIn 2010-2012, 18589 women who registered within 12 weeks of gestation underwent a glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24-28 gestational weeks. Amongst them, 2953 women with 1-hour plasma glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L underwent a 75-gram 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 781 women had a positive GCT but absented from the standard OGTT. An adjusted prevalence of GDM was calculated for the whole cohort of women by including an estimate of the proportion of women with positive GCTs who did not have OGTTs but would have been expected to have GDM. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using the IADPSG criteria. The prevalence of GDM risk factors was compared to the 1999 survey.ResultsThe adjusted prevalence of GDM by the 1999 WHO criteria was 8.1%, a 3.5-fold increase as in 1999. Using the IADPSG criteria increased the adjusted prevalence further to 9.3%. Advanced age, higher pre-pregnancy body mass index, Han-nationality, higher systolic blood pressure (BP), a family history of diabetes, weight gain during pregnancy and habitual smoking were risk factors for GDM. Compared to the 1999 survey, the prevalence of overweight plus obesity had increased by 1.8 folds, age≥30 years by 2.3 folds, systolic BP by 2.3 mmHg over the 12-year period.ConclusionsIncreasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and older age at pregnancy were accompanied by increasing prevalence of GDM, further increased by change in diagnostic criteria.

Screening for Gestational Diabetes Among Pregnant Women Attending a Rural Family Health Center- Menoufia Governorate- Egypt

“…This comes in agreement with Leng et al study [24] in China and Erem et al study [22] in Turkia which observed that higher systolic, and diastolic BP positively associated with increase the risk of GDM. However, Zokaie et al study [15] in Iran found no significant difference between cases of GDM and the control group regarding blood pressure measurement.…”

“…Erem et al study [22] in Turkia showed significant association between prevalence of GDM and smoking. Also Leng et al [24] in China founded that habitual smoker before or during pregnancy were positively associated with the risk of GDM (OR= 1.42).…”

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in a Suburban District in Sri Lanka: a population based study

“…However, an increasing prevalence is noted throughout the world [9][10][11]. A high prevalence of GDM is reported in India, with urban (17.8%), semi urban (13.8%) and rural (9.9%) variations based on WHO 1999 criteria [12].…”

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 serum levels in Chinese women with and without gestational diabetes

“…Compared to Caucasian women, the prevalence of GDM among Chinese women is approximately twice as high [4]. It is known that increased body weight before and during pregnancy [20][21] as well as higher weight gain velocity during pregnancy [22] are predisposing risk factors for the development of GDM. Importantly, this fact is inconsistent with the lower obesity rate among the Chinese, although previous reports inhibition of gluconeogenesis.…”