Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors among women attending antenatal care at Gondar town public health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Globally, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is rising, but it is a neglected health threat to mothers and their children in low resource countries. Although, GDM is known in Ethiopia, information regarding it remains scarce by recent diagnostic criteria. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of GDM and associated factors among women attending antenatal care at Gondar town public health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1027 pregnant women selected by the systematic random sampling technique. The universal one-step screening and diagnostic strategy was done using a two-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. GDM was diagnosed using updated diagnostic criteria (2017 American Diabetes Association (ADA) or 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) or modified International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups diagnostic criteria (IADPSG)). Binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with GDM. Results Of the total 1027 pregnant women, 12.8% (95% CI: 10.8–14.8) were diagnosed with GDM. Overweight and/or obesity (MUAC ≥28 cm) (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.18–4.26), previous history of GDM (AOR = 5.82, 95% CI: 2.57–13.18), family history of diabetes (AOR = 4.03, 95% CI: 1.57–10.35), low physical activity (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.60–7.04), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.02–3.53), and antenatal depression (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 1.85–9.20) were significantly associated with GDM. Conclusions The prevalence of GDM among women attending antenatal care at Gondar town public health facilities was high. Previous history of GDM, antenatal depression, family history of diabetes, low physical activity, overweight and/or obesity and inadequate dietary diversity were significantly associated with GDM. Routine screening of pregnant women and healthy lifestyle are strongly recommended.

Frequency and Factors Associated with Hyperglycaemia First Detected during Pregnancy at Itojo General Hospital, South Western Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In general, the frequency rate observed in this study was within the universal range varying from 8% to 20.7% among all pregnancies in different populations across the African continent and the global range of 3 to 16% across the world [14]. More on the frequency are the disagreeing findings from studies conducted in Rwanda (8.3%) [17], Tanzania (5.6%) [15], Egypt (8%) [18], and Nigeria (8.6%) [19] which obtained a lower frequency than what was observed in our study and that which was reported by the Management Sciences for Health [20] who conducted a study of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy among urban women in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, and obtained a frequency of 15.8%. The main reason for the high frequency of gestational hyperglycaemia in this study setting might have been due to the fact that the lower cut-off points for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were used as required in the updated diagnostic criteria.…”

Predictors of postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study in Ethiopia based on the updated diagnostic criteria

“…This prospective cohort study was part of a larger project, where similar methodology was used in previous published article elsewhere. 15 time, and were followed until 6-12 weeks after delivery. Pregnant women who had pre-existing or overt diabetes, chronic diseases, or on medications that might affect glucose metabolism (steroids, β-adrenergic agonists, antipsychotic drugs) at commencement were excluded.…”

“…As described earlier among 1027 pregnant women, 131 (12.8%) were diagnosed with GDM. 15 All women with GDM were invited to participate in the study and their glucose status was evaluated at 6-12 weeks post partum.…”

Effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on risk of adverse maternal outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Northwest Ethiopia

“…Initially, for the baseline survey, about 1,110 study participants were recruited at the beginning of the study and a total of 1027 participants completed the GDM screening enrolled for this cohort study to increase the power of the study. A detail of the study sample is provided elsewhere [33].…”